Acid | DKA | LA | AUO | NAG |
---|
Citrate | - | ?a | - | - |
Isocitrate | + | +++ | +++ | - |
α-Ketoglutarate | +++ | +++ | +++ | - |
Succinate | - | +++ | + | - |
Malate | +++ | +++ | +++ | - |
D-lactate | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
- Dashes represent no significant difference from controls; a plus sign represents p < 0.02; three plus signs represent p < 0.001. aThis result may be unreliable since four of the patients in this group had received an infusion of heparin (containing citrate as an anticoagulant) prior to the blood sample being obtained. AUO, acidosis of unknown origin; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; LA lactic acidosis; NAG, normal anion gap acidosis.