Figure 5
From: Clinical review: Positive end-expiratory pressure and cardiac output
Effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation on the end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) volume (V)-transmural pressure (tm) relationship of the left ventricle (LV). Closed circles represent the mean V-tm coordinates at low levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 0, 5, 10 cmH2O), and the continuous lines are drawn through these points to indicate typical V-tm curves. Open circles represent the mean V-tm coordinates at high levels of PEEP (15, 20, and 20 cmH2O) with volume expansion. Both ESV and EDP are reduced at the same pressures, indicating a leftward displacement of the V-tm pressure curves at high levels of PEEP. Reproduced from [83], with permission.