Workloada |
   Clinical load (patient case-mix, complexity, etc.) |
   Contribution of health care assistants [3] |
   Skill mix of intensive care unit team members |
   Staffing levels |
   Other duties (clinical, administrative, academic) |
Staff supportb |
   Leadership (nursing, medical) |
   Team culture |
   Intensive care unit image |
   Working relationships |
   Flexibility of scheduling |
   Supervision (e.g. shift leader, etc.) |
   Definition of roles and skill requirements |
   Autonomy of decision-making for frontline staff |
   Intensive care unit policies, clinical guidelines, protocols |
   Stress management |
   Intensive care unit environment (equipment, facilities, physical layout) |
   Continuing professional development (education, training, appraisal) |
   Salary |
   Social and other benefits |