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Figure 4 | Critical Care

Figure 4

From: Targeting the programmed cell death 1: programmed cell death ligand 1 pathway reverses T cell exhaustion in patients with sepsis

Figure 4

Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 decrease lymphocyte apoptosis in sepsis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from septic or critically-ill non-septic (CINS) patients were incubated overnight in media containing isotype control antibody, anti-programmed cell death 1 (−PD-1) or anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (−PD-L1) antibody. The following morning, cells were washed and underwent immunostaining followed by detection of apoptosis via TUNEL assay. Compared to treatment with inactive isotype control antibody, incubation with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody decreased apoptosis in total lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 T cells from septic patients; P <0.001. There was no significant effect of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 in CINS patients, possibly due to the fact that baseline apoptosis in the non-septic patients was so low. Values shown are the mean ± SEM values for all time points for 19 septic and 7 CINS patients. Circles indicate mean per group.

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535