Parameters | Total (n = 956) | Died within 60 days (n = 259, 27%)* | Alive on day 60 (n = 697, 73%) | P- value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables at admission | ||||
Male, n (%) | 633 (66.2) | 190 (73.4) | 443 (63.6) | 0.004 |
Age, years (median [IQR]) | 62 [46; 76] | 72 [58; 80] | 58 [42; 73] | <0.0001 |
Scores, median [IQR] | ||||
SAPSII | 43.5 [31; 59] | 60 [43; 74] | 39 [27; 53] | <0.0001 |
SOFA score | 6 [4; 9] | 9 [6; 12] | 5 [3; 8] | <0.0001 |
LOD score | 5 [2; 7] | 7 [4; 10] | 4 [2; 6] | <0.0001 |
Coma Glasgow Scale | 13 [5; 15] | 7 [3; 15] | 14 [7; 15] | <0.0001 |
McCabe, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
1 | 684 (71.7) | 140 (54.1) | 544 (78.3) | |
2 | 235 (24.6) | 98 (37.8) | 137 (19.7) | |
3 | 35 (3.7) | 21 (8.1) | 14 (2.0) | |
CURB-65, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
0 | 13 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.9) | |
1 | 62 (6.5) | 4(1.6) | 58 (8.3) | |
2 | 176 (18.4) | 22 (8.5) | 154 (22.1) | |
3 | 292 (30.6) | 65 (25.2) | 227 (32.6) | |
4 | 252 (26.4) | 90 (34.9) | 162 (23.2) | |
5 | 160 (16.8) | 77 (29.8) | 83 (11.9) | |
Co-morbidities (Knaus definitions), n (%) | ||||
Chronic hepatic failure | 43 (4.5) | 22 (8.5) | 21 (3.0) | 0.0003 |
Chronic heart failure | 107 (11.2) | 38 (14.7) | 69 (9.9) | 0.04 |
Chronic respiratory failure | 167 (17.5) | 55 (21.2) | 112 (16.1) | 0.06 |
Chronic renal failure | 19 (2.0) | 7 (2.7) | 12 (1.7) | 0.33 |
Diabetes | 123 (12.9) | 40 (15.4) | 83 (11.9) | 0.15 |
≥ One co-morbidity | 352 (36.8) | 124 (47.9) | 228 (32.7) | <0.0001 |
Smokers ( >20 pack-year), n (%) | 243 (30.6) | 57 (26.6) | 186 (32.1) | 0.14 |
Alcohol ( >80 g/day), n (%) | 189 (23.8) | 44 (20.6) | 145 (25.0) | 0.19 |
Sepsis, n (%) | 928 (97.1) | 252(97.3) | 676 (97.0) | 0.80 |
Severe sepsis, n (%) | 828 (86.6) | 235 (90.7) | 593 (85.1) | 0.02 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 325 (34.0) | 132 (51.0) | 193 (27.7) | <0.0001 |
Treatments, n (%) unless otherwise stated | ||||
Invasive ventilation | 604 (63.3) | 207 (79.9) | 397 (57.0) | <0.0001 |
Noninvasive ventilation | 107 (11.2) | 25 (9.7) | 82 (11.8) | 0.36 |
Inotropes or vasoactive agents | 422 (44.1) | 167 (64.5) | 255 (36.6) | <0.0001 |
Corticosteroids | 182 (19.0) | 66 (25.5) | 116 (16.6) | 0.002 |
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration | 63 (6.6) | 33 (12.7) | 30 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
Antibiotic therapy duration in days (median [IQR]) | 7 [4; 13] | 8 [3; 15] | 7 [4; 13] | 0.69 |
Organisms, n (%) | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 202 (21.1) | 52 (20.1) | 150 (21.5) | 0.63 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 104 (10.9) | 31(12.0) | 73 (10.5) | 0.51 |
Streptococcus spp. | 36 (3.8) | 12 (4.6) | 24 (3.4) | 0.39 |
Enterocococcus spp. | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 3 (0.4) | 0.29 |
Hemophilus influenzae | 97 (10.1) | 25 (9.7) | 72 (10.3) | 0.76 |
Escherichia coli | 34 (3.6) | 16 (6.2) | 18 (2.6) | 0.008 |
Enterobacter spp. | 13 (1.4) | 6 (2.3) | 7 (1.0) | 0.12 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 28 (2.9) | 13 (5.0) | 15 (2.2) | 0.02 |
Serratia marescens | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.6) | 0.22 |
Proteus mirabilis | 9 (0.9) | 5 (1.9) | 4 (0.6) | 0.05 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 29 (3.0) | 16 (6.2) | 13 (1.9) | 0.0005 |
Legionella pneumophila | 25 (2.6) | 4 (1.5) | 21 (3.0) | 0.21 |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 0.54 |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 0.47 |
Aspergillus fugimatus | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 0.12 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 14 (1.5) | 3 (1.2) | 11 (1.6) | 0.63 |
Viruses | 24 (2.5) | 3 (1.2) | 21 (3.0) | 0.10 |
Other | 14 (1.5) | 4 (1.5) | 10 (1.4) | 0.90 |
Multiple organisms | 92 (9.6) | 29 (11.2) | 63 (9.0) | 0.31 |
None identified | 418 (43.7) | 99 (38.2) | 319 (45.8) | 0.04 |
Bacteremia | 121 (12.7) | 45 (17.4) | 76 (10.9) | 0.008 |
Acquisition of MDR pathogen or nosocomial pneumonia, n (%) | ||||
MDR bacteria | 105 (11.0) | 34 (13.1) | 71(10.2) | 0.19 |
MRSA | 25 (2.6) | 9 (3.5) | 16 (2.3) | 0.31 |
Enterobacteriaceae ESBL | 38 (4.0) | 15 (5.8) | 23 (3.3) | 0.08 |
Nonfermentative GNB | 56 (5.9) | 16 (6.2) | 40 (5.7) | 0.80 |
Clostridium difficile | 9 (0.9) | 2 (0.8) | 7 (1.0) | 0.74 |
Nosocomial pneumonia | 127 (13.3) | 48 (18.5) | 79 (11.3) | 0.004 |
ICU stay in days, median [IQR] | 7 [3; 15] | 8 [3; 17] | 6 [3; 14] | 0.45 |
Hospital stay in days, median [IQR] | 16 [8; 31] | 10 [4; 22] | 18 [10; 38] | <0.0001 |