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Table 3 Independent risk factors for mortality in cancer patients undergone prolonged mechanical ventilationa

From: Incidence, life expectancy and prognostic factors in cancer patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation: a nationwide analysis of 5,138 cases during 1998-2007

Variables

Risk of death

 

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HRb(95% CI)

Gender

  

   Female

1.00

1.00

   Male

1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)

1.12 (1.04 to 1.20)

Age (yr)

  

   17 to 64

1.00

1.00

   65 to 74

0.99 (0.92 to 1.07)

0.99 (0.91 to 1.07)

   75 to 84

0.96 (0.89 to 1.03)

1.02 (0.94 to 1.10)

   85 or older

0.90 (0.81 to 1.01)

0.98 (0.87 to 1.10)

Extent of cancer

  

   Local

1.00

1.00

   Metastatic

1.56 (1.45 to 1.66)

1.53 (1.42 to 1.65)

Cancer type

  

Head and neck

1.00

1.00

   Bone and connective tissue

2.08 (1.49 to 2.90)

2.06 (1.48 to 2.88)

Liver

1.65 (1.43 to 1.90)

1.55 (1.34 to 1.78)

   Lung

1.58 (1.42 to 1.75)

1.45 (1.30 to 1.61)

   Esophagus

1.44 (1.23 to 1.69)

1.32 (1.13 to 1.54)

   Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue

1.26 (1.09 to 1.45)

1.32 (1.14 to 1.52)

   Urinary organs

1.23 (1.07 to 1.43)

1.24 (1.07 to 1.43)

   Female genital

1.19 (1.01 to 1.40)

1.23 (1.03 to 1.46)

   Pancreas and other GI organs

1.19 (0.96 to 1.48)

1.17 (0.94 to 1.47)

   Thyroid

1.14 (0.86 to 1.52)

1.17 (0.88 to 1.56)

   Breast

1.10 (0.94 to 1.29)

1.14 (0.96 to 1.35)

   Skin

1.07 (0.84 to 1.36)

1.08 (0.84 to 1.38)

   Stomach

1.09 (0.9 to 1.26)

1.08 (0.93 to 1.25)

   Brain and nervous system

1.01 (0.8 to 1.19)

1.04 (0.89 to 1.22)

   Colorectal

1.05 (0.93 to 1.17)

1.04 (0.92 to 1.17)

   Male genital

0.95 (0.82 to 1.10)

0.93 (0.80 to 1.09)

   Others

1.28 (1.06 to 1.54)

1.14 (0.95 to 1.39)

Acute comorbiditiesc

  

   Acute renal failure

1.43 (1.28 to 1.60)

1.46(1.30 to 1.64)

   Septicemia

1.33 (1.24 to 1.43)

1.24(1.15 to 1.34)

   Shock

1.32 (1.21 to 1.45)

1.22(1.10 to 1.34)

   GI hemorrhage

1.07 (0.98 to 1.18)

1.10(1.01 to 1.21)

Other injury and poisoning

0.78 (0.70 to 0.87)

0.83 (0.74 to 0.92)

   Cerebrovascular disease

0.69 (0.62 to 0.77)

0.78 (0.69 to 0.87)

Concurrent organ disorder

(chronic comorbidities) C

  

   Hypertension

0.74 (0.65 to 0.83)

0.82 (0.73 to 0.93)

   COPD

0.81 (0.73 to 0.91)

0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)

Hospital level

  

   District

1.00

1.00

   Regional

1.12 (1.02 to 1.23)

1.02 (0.93 to 1.12)

   Medical center

1.00 (0.91 to 1.09)

0.91 (0.83 to 1.00)

  1. aCI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal. bHazard ratio adjusted for cancer type, gender, age, extent of cancer, acute and chronic comorbidities, and hospital level. cThe reference group is without the comorbidity listed below.
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