Inclusion criteria |
   1. Age ≥18 years |
   2. Assessed to be adequately resuscitated |
   3. Evidence of acute kidney injury. Defined by RIFLE/Acute Kidney Injury Network stage 2 or greater (creatinine or oliguria) and elevated acute kidney injury biomarker (precise cutoff determined by biomarker selected) |
Exclusion criteria |
   1. Patient deemed moribund |
   2. Any history of renal allograft |
   3. Presence or clinical suspicion of glomerulonephritis, renal obstruction, vasculitis or acute interstitial nephritis |
   4. Prehospitalization advanced chronic kidney disease, defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 ml/minute/1.73 m2 |
   5. Any dialysis conducted within the previous 3 months (either acute or chronic renal replacement therapy) |