Table 3 Differences between delirium and nondelirium patients in inflamed and noninflamed patients

Delirium (n= 26)

Nondelirium (n= 20)

P value

Delirium (n= 24)

Nondelirium (n= 30)

Pvalue

Proinflammatory cytokines

TNF-α (pg/ml)

13

[10-16]

11

[5-18]

0.17

8

[5-13]

7

[5-11]

0.18

IL-1β (pg/ml)

3

[3-6]

4

[3-17]

0.67

3

[3-6]

3

[3-6]

0.69

IL-6 (pg/ml)

73

[38-143]

41

[21-90]

0.09

50

[29-90]

34

[22-64]

0.047^a

IL-8 (pg/ml)

31

[24-44]

17

[9-26]

< 0.001^a

20

[12-32]

14

[9-22]

0.001^a

IL-17 (pg/ml)

4

[3-7]

3

[3-6]

0.22

3

[3-4]

3

[3-3]

0.63

IL-18 (pg/ml)

136

[88-187]

84

[65-132]

0.03^a

82

[66-141]

88

[72-120]

0.54

MIF (pg/ml)

438

[294-796]

257

[157-576]

0.13

334

[214-561]

249

[179-702]

0.08

Antiinflammatory cytokines

IL-1ra (pg/ml)

48

[27-74]

32

[18-47]

0.04^a

24

[17-51]

16

[11-25]

0.02^a

IL-10 (pg/ml)

23

[13-47]

13

[5-35]

0.08

28

[12-44]

22

[9-46]

0.03^a

Chemotactic cytokines

MCP-1 (pg/ml)

516

[295-822]

251

[199-339]

0.001^a

268

[192-398]

233

[175-306]

0.15

Defensin

HNP (μg/ml)

0.06

[0.03-0.13]

0.07

[0.03-0.09]

0.60

0.06

[0.04-0.10]

0.04

[0.03-0.10]

0.51

Markers of inflammation

CRP (mg/ml)

84

[56-190]

84

[43-140]

0.40

42

[29-65]

41

[27-64]

0.44

Procalcitonin (ng/ml)

1.0

[0.23-2.0]

0.28

[0.10-0.64]

0.003^a

0.22

[0.11-0.55]

0.12

[0.06-0.18]

0.01^a

Stress-response hormone

Cortisol (μmol/L)

0.59

[0.34-0.98]

0.48

[0.18-0.61]

0.06

0.46

[0.23-0.72]

0.30

[0.06-0.66]

0.06

Brain-specific proteins

S100-β (pg/ml)

172

[113-409]

134

[88-163]

0.07

128

[87-210]

136

[92-247]

0.60

Tau (pg/ml)

42

[26-131]

43

[24-75]

0.56

40

[21-78]

27

[17-46]

0.08

Ratio tau/Aβ_1-42

1.03

[0.62-3.45]

1.12

[0.40-2.21]

0.68

1.17

[0.60-2.52]

0.90

[0.48-1.26]

0.07

Aβ_1-42 (pg/ml)

41

[31-52]

38

[31-42]

0.36

34

[26-43]

36

[30-42]

0.55

Aβ_1-40 (pg/ml)

158

[132-229]

155

[137-178]

0.55

148

[109-223]

129

[106-158]

0.08

Ratio Aβ_1-42/40

0.23

[0.20-0.28]

0.24

[0.22-0.26]

0.72

0.22

[0.19-0.26]

0.26

[0.23-0.33]

0.001^a

Aβ_N-42 (pg/ml)

31

[26-43]

29

[24-39]

0.57

28

[20-37]

28

[24-35]

0.79

Aβ_N-40 (pg/ml)

200

[167-283]

184

[147-229]

0.24

225

[168-273]

178

[145-220]

0.04^a

Ratio Aβ _N-42/40

0.16

[0.13-0.18]

0.18

[0.12-0.19]

0.47

0.13

[0.10-0.17]

0.16

[0.14-0.20]

0.02^a

Ratio Aβ_1-42/N-42

1.28

[1.00-1.39]

1.31

[1.18-1.48]

0.26

1.24

[1.04-1.33]

1.23

[1.05-1.39]

0.90

Ratio Aβ_1-40/N-40

0.82

[0.74-0.89]

0.89

[0.73-0.96]

0.27

0.72

[0.65-0.84]

0.76

[0.70-0.87]

0.35