The effects of dopamine and epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in hypoxic anesthetized piglets

Table 3 Effects (means ± SD) of epinephrine infusions in six anesthetized hypoxic piglets

	Normoxia	1 h hypoxia	0.2i	0.2f	1.0i	1.0f	3.2i	3.2f
SAP/PAP ratio	3.4 ± 0.52^§	2.2 ± 0.46	2.0 ± 0.48	2.0 ± 0.40	2.0 ± 0.23	2.0 ± 0.34	2.1 ± 0.43	2.0 ± 0.44
MVRI (mmHg ml^-1 kg^-1 min^-1)	1.67 ± 0.39	2.07 ± 0.80	2.15 ± 1.10	2.22 ± 1.31	2.43 ± 1.53	2.71 ± 2.20	2.37 ± 1.11	2.37 ± 1.28
Systemic DO₂ (ml kg^-1 min^-1)	35 ± 12^§	20 ± 7	23 ± 6	20 ± 9	21 ± 6	18 ± 5	22 ± 4	20 ± 7
Systemic EO₂ (%)	29 ± 5.4^§	43 ± 9.8	42 ± 5.7	40 ± 3.8	42 ± 10.7	38 ± 3.8	39 ± 6.2	42 ± 3.6
Splanchnic EO₂ (%)	20 ± 6.2^§	37 ± 6.8	36 ± 7.0	41 ± 9.7	40 ± 6.7	41 ± 8.4	35 ± 11.4	42 ± 10.8
Systemic VO₂ (ml kg^-1 min^-1)	7.65 ± 1.53	7.36 ± 2.13	8.16 ± 2.65	7.30 ± 1.35	8.21 ± 2.24	7.23 ± 1.28	7.63 ± 2.47	7.87 ± 1.63
Splanchnic VO₂ (ml kg^-1 min^-1)	1.25 ± 0.41	1.37 ± 0.36	1.27 ± 0.57	1.23 ± 0.36	1.29 ± 0.48	1.33 ± 0.27	1.19 ± 0.59	1.32 ± 0.40
Hepatic DO₂ (ml kg^-1 min^-1)	5.97 ± 1.24^§	2.93 ± 0.76	3.07 ± 0.61	2.79 ± 0.89	2.61 ± 0.52	2.59 ± 0.62	2.83 ± 0.69	2.62 ± 0.71
Hepatic DO₂ ratio (%)	16 ± 7.6	19 ± 9.8	28 ± 15.7	32 ± 17.8^*‡	29 ± 14.6	23 ± 12.8	24 ± 12.1	29 ± 18.8
(HAFI + PVFI)/CI (%)	33 ± 10^§	26 ± 7	23 ± 3	22 ± 4	20 ± 3	20 ± 5	21 ± 5	21 ± 3
Arterial lactate (mM)		8.9 ± 3.4		12.6 ± 5.2		14.0 ± 7.0^*		13.5 ± 5.4^*

i, initial (3 min average at 30 min of infusion); f, final (3 min average at 60 min of infusion). ^*P < 0.05 compared with variables at 1 h of hypoxia (one-way repeated measures ANOVA); ^‡P < 0.05 Compared with variables during all doses of dopamine infusion (two-way ANOVA); ^§P < 0.05 for difference between normoxia baseline and 1 h of hypoxia. EO₂, oxygen extraction; DO₂, oxygen Delivery; MVRI, mesenteric vascular resistance index; hepatic DO₂ ratio, the proportion of hepatic DO₂ that is accounted for by hepatic arterial oxygen delivery; (HAFI + PVFI)/CI, total hepatic Blood flow as a proportion of the cardiac index.

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