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Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics

From: Biomarker-based risk model to predict persistent multiple organ dysfunctions after congenital heart surgery: a prospective observational cohort study

 

All*

MODS*

No MODS*

p value

Number of subjects (%)

306

43 (14.0)

263 (86.0)

–

Age (months)

6 (3–42.9)

2 (0.2–5.3)

8 (3.9–48)

 < 0.001

Number of females (%)

134 (43.8)

20 (46.5)

114 (43.3)

0.70

Race, number (%)

0.31

 White, non-Hispanic

269 (87.9)

34 (79.1)

235 (89.3)

 

 White, Hispanic

6 (2.0)

2 (4.7)

4 (1.5)

 

 Black

23 (7.5)

6 (13.9)

17 (6.5)

 

 Other

8 (2.6)

1 (2.3)

7 (2.7)

 

Number of neonates (%)

43 (14.1)

17 (39.5)

26 (9.9)

 < 0.001

Number of single ventricle patients (%)

117 (38.2)

23 (53.5)

94 (35.7)

0.026

Number of infants (%)

182 (59.5)

38 (88.4)

144 (54.8)

 < 0.001

Number of infants born premature (%)

45 (14.7)

13 (30.2)

32 (12.2)

0.002

STAT, number (%)

 < 0.001

 1

47 (15.4%)

3 (7.0)

44 (16.7)

 

 2

131 (42.8%)

12 (27.9)

119 (45.2)

 

 3

46 (15.2%)

3 (7.0)

43 (16.3)

 

 4

60 (19.6%)

15 (34.9)

45 (17.1)

 

 5

22 (7.2%)

10 (23.2)

12 (4.6)

 

CPB time in minutes

138.0 (92.3; 183.0)

176.0 (112.0; 206.5)

132.0 (89.0; 179.0)

0.005

Number receiving MUF (%)

195 (63.7)

30 (69.8)

165 (62.7)

0.374

Pre-op PRISM III

2.0 (0.0; 3.0)

5.0 (3.0; 7.0)

0.0 (0.0; 3.0)

 < 0.001

Post-op PRISM III

8.0 (6.0; 12.0)

13.0 (10.0; 16.0)

8.0 (5.0; 11.0)

 < 0.001

PELOD-2 preoperative

0.0 (0.0; 2.0)

2.0 (0.0; 2.0)

0.0 (0.0; 2.0)

 < 0.001

PELOD-2 24 h postoperative

4.0 (2.0; 6.0)

7.0 (5.0; 8.0)

4.0 (2.0; 5.0)

 < 0.001

VIS at 4 h post-CPB

7.0 (5.0; 10.0)

8.0 (7.0; 11.8)

7.0 (4.5; 9.0)

0.007

Maximum VIS

7.0 (5.0; 15.4)

17.5 (14.5; 26.0)

7.0 (5.0; 12.5)

 < 0.001

Lowest pH

7.29 (7.26–7.33)

7.25 (7.2; 7.3)

7.3 (7.3; 7.3)

 < 0.001

Peak lactate

2.4 (1.6–4.0)

3.7 (2.3; 6.3)

2.2 (1.5; 3.8)

 < 0.001

Number receiving PD or CRRT postoperative (%)

12 (3.9)

9 (20.9)

3 (1.1)

 < 0.001

Number receiving steroids postoperative (%)

70 (22.9)

24 (55.8)

46 (17.5)

 < 0.001

Number receiving steroids for hypotension postoperative (%)

27 (8.8)

13 (30.2)

14 (5.3)

 < 0.001

Ventilator-free days

27.0 (26.0; 28.0)

17.0 (13.0; 23.0)

28.0 (26.0; 28.0)

 < 0.001

Vasoactive-free days

26.0 (25.0; 27.0)

20.0 (14.5; 22.0)

27.0 (26.0; 27.0)

 < 0.001

Number of in-hospital mortality (%)

7 (2.3)

6 (14.0)

1 (0.4)

 < 0.001

Number alive and out of the hospital by POD 28 (%)

267 (87.3)

20 (46.5)

247 (93.9)

 < 0.001

CICU LOS

3.0 (2.0; 8.0)

15.0 (11.0; 34.0)

3.0 (2.0; 4.5)

 < 0.001

Hospital LOS

7.0 (4.0; 15.0)

24.0 (19.0; 67.0)

7.0 (4.0; 11.0)

 < 0.001

  1. All data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless specified; MODS: persistent multiple organ dysfunction at postoperative day 5; neonate: < 30 days old; infant: < 12 month old
  2. STAT Society of Thoracic Surgery-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery mortality category, CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass, PRISM III Pediatric Risk of Mortality score III, PELOD-2 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2, VIS Vasoactive inotropic score, PD Peritoneal dialysis, CRRT Continuous renal replacement therapy, POD Postoperative day, CICU Cardiac intensive care unit, LOS Length of stay
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