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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included studies

From: Variation in central venous oxygen saturation to evaluate fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study No.

Author/year

Design, setting, and location

Subjects

Sample size

Invasive mechanical ventilation (n, %)

Age (mean, years)

Baseline lactate (mean, mmol/L)

Baseline ScvO2 (mean, %)

Fluid challenge

Definition of fluid responsiveness

CO measurement method

No. of fluid responder (n, %)

1

Giraud/2011

Prospective study; ICU; Switzerland

Hypotensive patients (MAP < 60 mm Hg) secondary to cardiogenic shock or postoperative cardiac surgery

30

21 (70)

71

NR

63

Saline, 500 mL, within 10 min

Cardiac index increase ≥ 15%

Thermodilution using PAC

14 (47)

2

Xu/2017

Prospective study; ICU; China

Septic shock patients with invasive CO monitoring requiring fluid challenge

40

37 (93)

60

5.1

71

Normal saline or 4% gelatin, 500 mL, within 15 min

Cardiac index increase ≥ 10%

Thermodilution using PAC or PICCO

18 (45)

3

Giraud/2021

Prospective study; ICU; Switzerland

Elective postoperative cardiac surgery patients who mechanically ventilated and needed volume expansion

33

33 (100)

63

1.5

65

Saline, 500 mL, within 10 min

VTI increase ≥ 15%

Pulsed-wave Doppler using echocardiography

15 (45)

4

Khalil/2021

Prospective study; Emergency department; Tunisia

Hemodynamically unstable patients under invasive mechanical ventilation who required volume expansion

88

88 (100)

70

3.6

71

Normal saline, 500 mL, within 10 min

CO increase ≥ 15%

Thermodilution method

61 (69)

5

Nassar/2021

Prospective study; ICU; France

Mechanically ventilated sepsis patients with tissue hypoperfusion requiring volume expansion

49

49 (100)

67

1.9

65

Colloid solution (4% Human serum albumin), 500 mL, over 15 min

Cardiac index increase ≥ 10%

Thermodilution using PICCO

25 (51)

  1. No. Number; MAP Mean arterial pressure; CO Cardiac output; ICU Intensive care unit; NR No record; ScvO2 Central venous oxygen saturation; VTI Velocity time integral; PAC Pulmonary artery catheter; PICCO Pulse indicator continuous cardiac output