Table 1 Demographic characteristics by patient cluster

Age (years)

59.7 ± 17.5

63.2 ± 16.5

61.4 ± 18.3

61.1 ± 18.1

61.9 ± 17.3

61.2 ± 17.6

Sex (female)

136 (44.7)

80 (41.9)

96 (41.9)

69 (47.9)

47 (38.2)

428 (43.2)

ICU type

 Medical

111 (36.5)

70 (36.6)

104 (45.4)

54 (37.5)

65 (52.8)

404 (40.8)

 Cardiac

67 (22.0)

79 (41.4)

70 (34.5)

40 (27.8)

40 (32.5)

296 (29.9)

 Surgical

27 (8.9)

19 (9.9)

29 (12.7)

13 (9.0)

9 (7.3)

97 (9.8)

 Neurosciences

45 (14.8)

9 (4.7)

12 (5.2)

26 (18.1)

1 (0.8)

93 (9.4)

 Burn

47 (15.5)

7 (3.7)

3 (1.3)

11 (7.6)

2 (1.6)

70 (7.1)

 Other

7 (2.3)

7 (3.7)

11 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

6 (4.9)

31 (3.1)

Admission diagnosis

 Cardiovascular

63 (20.7)

71 (37.2)

47 (20.5)

32 (22.2)

31 (25.2)

244 (24.6)

 Neurology

41 (13.5)

22 (11.5)

22 (9.6)

27 (18.8)

9 (7.3)

121 (12.2)

 Pulmonary

22 (7.2)

15 (7.9)

27 (11.8)

10 (6.9)

14 (11.4)

88 (8.9)

 Sepsis/infection

17 (5.6)

8 (4.2)

26 (11.4)

8 (5.6)

16 (13.0)

75 (7.6)

 Gastrointestinal

16 (5.3)

12 (6.3)

25 (10.9)

9 (6.3)

10 (8.1)

72 (7.3)

 Neoplasm

20 (6.6)

6 (3.1)

13 (5.7)

8 (5.6)

2 (1.6)

49 (4.9)

 Trauma

15 (4.9)

10 (5.2)

14 (6.1)

6 (4.2)

4 (3.3)

49 (4.9)

 Renal

5 (1.6)

2 (1)

9 (3.9)

6 (4.2)

3 (2.4)

25 (2.5)

 Endocrine

8 (2.6)

4 (2.1)

5 (2.2)

4 (2.8)

3 (2.4)

24 (2.4)

 Other

97 (31.9)

41 (21.5)

41 (17.9)

34 (23.6)

31 (25.2)

244 (24.6)

APACHE II at 24 h

13.5 ± 6.4

15.7 ± 6.4

14.6 ± 5.9

13.3 ± 5.9

14.7 ± 7.0

14.3 ± 6.4

MRC-ICU at 24 h

9.4 ± 6.5

11.6 ± 9.4

10 ± 7.2

10.1 ± 7.0

11.2 ± 8.3

10.3 ± 7.7

Mortality

30 (9.9)

11 (5.8)

27 (11.8)

19 (13.2)

10 (8.1)

97 (9.8)

Hospital length of stay (days)

12.3 ± 20.3

14.3 ± 30.5

11.4 ± 16.2

8.6 ± 8.8

8.3 ± 7.9

11.5 ± 19.7

ICU length of stay (days)

6.2 ± 12.1

5.6 ± 9.9

4.7 ± 9.1

4.3 ± 6.3

3.6 ± 3.2

6.3 ± 14.3

Presence of delirium n (%, total)

96 (35.6, 270)

54 (29.8, 181)

78 (35.9, 217)

30 (23.8, 126)

35 (31.0, 113)

293 (32.6, 907)

Acute kidney injury n (%, total)

52 (17.2, 303)

22 (11.5, 191)

40 (17.5, 229)

26 (18.1, 144)

14 (11.5, 122)

154 (15.6, 989)

Duration of vasopressors support (days)

2.1 ± 2.1

1.4 ± 1.1

1.5 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 1.7

1.2 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 1.4

Presence of mechanical ventilation

91 (29.9)

83 (43.5)

60 (26.2)

37 (25.7)

41 (33.3)

312 (31.5)

Duration of mechanical ventilation (days)

9.1 ± 19.3

5.1 ± 11.5

3.4 ± 4.6

5.8 ± 10.2

2.1 ± 3.1

5.6 ± 12.9

Presence of fluid overload (%, total)

47 (17.9, 262)

26 (15.0, 173)

37 (18.9, 197)

19 (15.3, 124)

23 (22.1, 104)

158 (18.4, 860)