The physiologic response to epinephrine and pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes

Table 3 Univariate outcomes by epinephrine response

	Overall (n = 147)	Epinephrine responders (n = 66)	Epinephrine non-responders (n = 81)	p
Immediate event outcome				< 0.001
Sustained ROSC	84 (57%)	48 (73%)	36 (44%)
Return of Circulation via ECPR	49 (33%)	10 (15%)	39 (48%)
Death	14 (10%)	8 (12%)	6 (7%)
Survival to hospital discharge	83 (56%)	39 (59%)	44 (54%)	0.618
Survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcome*	81 (55%)	37 (56%)	44 (54%)	0.869
Total FSS at hospital discharge^†	9 [7, 11]	9 [7, 12]	8 [8, 10]	0.280
PCPC at hospital discharge				0.871
1—Normal	39 (27%)	17 (26%)	22 (27%)
2—Mild disability	21 (14%)	10 (15%)	11 (14%)
3—Moderate disability	17 (12%)	7 (11%)	10 (12%)
4—Severe disability	6 (4%)	5 (8%)	1 (1%)
5—Coma/vegetative state	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
6—Death	64 (44%)	27 (41%)	37 (46%)
Change in FSS from baseline to hospital discharge^†	2 [0, 3]	1 [0, 4]	2 [0, 3]	0.970
New morbidity^†‡	27 (33%)	15 (38%)	12 (27%)	0.350

ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, ECPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, FSS Functional Status Scale, PCPC Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category
* Favorable neurologic outcome was defined as no more than moderate disability or no worsening from baseline Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC). Baseline PCPC represents subject status prior to the event leading to hospitalization
^†Includes survivors only
^‡New morbidity among survivors was defined as a worsening from baseline FSS by 3 points or more
Epinephrine responders (patients with ≥ 5 mmHg increase in DBP following the first dose of epinephrine administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and epinephrine non-responders compared using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous data

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