Author/year | Study design | N | Position | Breathing pattern | Flow (L/min) | RR (breaths/min) | \(\Delta\)EELIglob (units) | VT (ml) | PEEP (cmH2O) | PTP (cmH2OÂ s/min) | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okuda et al., 2017 [15] | Randomized crossover | 10 | Supine 30° | Not specified | 0 | 15.1 ± 2.1 | NA | 685.6 ± 236.6 | NA | NA | MV: 10.1 ± 3.0 \(\Delta\) Pes:4.2 ± 1.9 |
30 | 11.6 ± 3.1 | NA | 929.8 ± 434.7 | NA | NA | MV: 10.1 ± 3.9 \(\Delta\) Pes: 6.9 ± 2.9 | |||||
50 | 11.1 ± 2.3 | NA | 968.8 ± 451.1 | NA | NA | MV: 10.1 ± 4.0 \(\Delta\) Pes: 7.48 ± 3.1 | |||||
Moigne et al. 2021 [38] | Prospective | 10 | Supine 30° | RMO | 0 | NA | NA | 526 (503, 604) | NA | NA | NA |
RMC | NA | NA | 529 (480,726) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMO | NA | NA | 540 (356, 663) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMC | Â | NA | NA | 417 (331, 553) | NA | NA | NA | ||||
RMO | 30 | NA | NA | 688 (629, 844) | NA | NA | NA | ||||
RMC | NA | NA | 815 (511, 959) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMO | NA | NA | 633 (538, 678) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMC | NA | NA | 516 (405, 698) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
RMO | 60 | NA | NA | 753 (650, 1208) | NA | NA | NA | ||||
RMC | NA | NA | 913 (680, 1166) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMO | NA | NA | 664 (634, 1046) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
HMC | NA | NA | 696 (351, 896) | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Plotnikow et al. 2018 [19] | Prospective | 16 | Supine | RMC | 0 | 16 ± 2.6 | Baseline | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Setting 45° | 15 ± 3.6 | 1.05 (0.72, 1.34) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||||
30 | 11 ± 3.6 | 1.12 (0.8, 2.01) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||||
50 | 9 ± 2.8 | 1.44 (1.05, 2.16) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Ritchie et al. 2011 [13] | Prospective | 10 | Not specified | RMC | 30 | 8.4 (4,15)b | NA | NA | 2.5 (0.8, 4.7)b | NA | NA |
40 | 6.8 (4,7)b | NA | NA | 4.0 (2.4, 7.8)b | NA | NA | |||||
50 | 7.6 (4.9, 8.0)b | NA | NA | 5.2 (3.5, 7.0)b | NA | NA | |||||
RMO | 30 | 10 (6.9, 19)b | NA | NA | 0.1 (− 0.2, 1)b | NA | NA | ||||
40 | 9.9 (5.5, 19)b | NA | NA | 0.8 (− 0.8, 1.2)b | NA | NA | |||||
50 | 11.3 (7, 21.5)b | NA | NA | 1.1 (− 0.9, 2.4)b | NA | NA | |||||
Parke et al. 2015 [18] | Prospective | 15 | Not specified | RMC | 0 | 13.8 (9.8, 17.9)b | Baseline | NA | 0.5 ± 0.3a | NA | NA |
30 | 8.9 (5.8,11.9)b | 0.5 ± 0.3a,c | NA | 2.7 ± 0.7a | NA | NA | |||||
40 | 7.7 (4.5, 11.1)b | 0.5 ± 0.4a,c | NA | 3.8 ± 0.8a | NA | NA | |||||
50 | 7.3 (4.4, 10.3)b | 0.7 ± 0.5a,c | NA | 4.9 ± 1.1a | NA | NA | |||||
60 | 7.4 (3.8, 11.1)b | 0.9 ± 0.6a,c | NA | 6.1 ± 1.4a | NA | NA | |||||
70 | 6.9 (3.2,10.7)b | 1.0 ± 0.8a,c | NA | 7.6 ± 1.5a | NA | NA | |||||
80 | 7.7 (3.6, 11.8)b | 1.2 ± 0.8a,c | NA | 9 ± 1.9a | NA | NA | |||||
90 | 6.9 (3.3, 10.4)b | 1.4 ± 0.8a,c | NA | 10.1 ± 2.1a | NA | NA | |||||
100 | 7.5 (2.6,12.5)b | 1.6 ± 0.8a,c | NA | 11.9 ± 2.7a | NA | NA | |||||
Delorme et al. 2020 [16] | Randomized crossover | 10 | Semi-recumbent position | RMC | 0 | 16 (15, 18) | NA | 337 (272, 443) | NA | NA | Comfort: 10 (10, 10) VA: 3,343; VD/VT: 45 Dead space ventilation: 2431 Dead space washout: 0 |
5 | 13 (12, 15) | NA | 358 (287, 458) | NA | NA | Comfort: 9 (6, 10) VA: 3,343; VD/VT: 39 Dead space ventilation: 1823 Dead space washout: 863 | |||||
20 | 10 (10, 13) | NA | 448 (345, 580) | NA | NA | Comfort: 10 (9, 10) VA: 3,343; VD/VT: 38 Dead space ventilation: 1546 Dead space washout: 1140 | |||||
40 | 9 (8, 12) | NA | 450 (307, 480) | NA | NA | Comfort: 9 (7, 10) VA: 3,343; VD/VT: 34 Dead space ventilation: 1276 Dead space washout: 1191 | |||||
60 | 8 (7, 10) | NA | 520 (470, 626) | NA | NA | Comfort: 8 (8, 9) VA: 3,343; VD/VT: 31 Dead space ventilation: 1276 Dead space washout: 1160 | |||||
Garofalo et al. 2019 [20] | Prospective | 14 | Semi-recumbent position | RMC | 0 | 15 (14,16) | NA | NA | 0b | NA | Comfort: 10 (10,10 PEIP: 0b |
30 | 15 (14,16) | NA | NA | 2.8 (0.8, 7.8)b | NA | Comfort: 10 (10,10) PEIP: 0.7 (0.3, 0.7)b | |||||
40 | 14 (12,14) | NA | NA | 6 (3.2, 11)b | NA | Comfort: 10 (10,10) PEIP: 0.8 (0.6, 1.3)b | |||||
50 | 12 (12, 13) | NA | NA | 7.6 (4.1, 12)b | NA | Comfort: 9 (9,10) PEIP: 1.1 (0.7, 1.5)b | |||||
RMO | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0b | NA | PEIP: 0b | ||||
30 | NA | NA | NA | 0.7 (0.5, 2.5)b | NA | PEIP: 0.1 (0, 0.4)b | |||||
40 | NA | NA | NA | 1.7 (0.3, 5)b | NA | PEIP: 0.3 (0, 0.3)b | |||||
50 | NA | NA | NA | 2.3 (0.7, 3.9)b | NA | PEIP: 0.3 (0, 0.6)b | |||||
Vieira et al. 2022 [17] | Randomized crossover | 10 | Not specified | RMC | 20 | 9.0 (7.3, 11.7) | 90 (43, 160) | 458 (364, 557) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.3) | 94.1 (79.3, 114.5) | MV: 4.4 (3.2, 4.9 Ti:Ttot: 0.31 ± 0.05 |
40 | 7.2 (5.9, 9.9) | 160 (96, 178) | 447 (368, 787) | 3.6 (2.8, 4.6) | 112.5 (86, 127) | MV: 3.9 (2.7, 4.2) Ti:Ttot: 0.26 ± 0.06 | |||||
60 | 8.5 (5.0, 12.4) | 230 (165, 344) | 431 (229, 760) | 6.78 (5.0, 7.9) | 124.8 (72, 138) | MV: 3.2 (2. 7,4.6) Ti:Ttot: 0.23 ± 0.07 | |||||
RMO | 20 | 11.6 (9.4, 14.2) | 70 (15, 138) | 421 (341, 517) | 0.13 (0.06, 0.2) | 70.0 (50.6, 103) | MV: 5.2 (4.3, 6.1) Ti:Ttot: 0.33 ± 0.09 | ||||
40 | 11.6 (8.9, 12.6) | 92 (36, 151) | 459 (388, 502) | 0.55 (0.3, 0.7) | 78.5 (66, 102) | MV:5.2 (4.1–6.7) Ti:Ttot: 0.3 ± 0.07 | |||||
60 | 12.7 (10.4,15.8) | 202 (115, 233) | 504 (385, 657) | 0.83 (0.6, 1.2) | 90.4 (70, 111) | MV: 6.0 (4.8, 9.1) Ti:Ttot: 0.3 ± 0.07 | |||||
Groves et al. 2007 [39] | Prospective | 10 | Setting position | RMC | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | NA | MIP: − 1.1 (− 2.0, − 0.6) |
10 | NA | NA | NA | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | NA | MIP: − 0.8 (− 1.1, − 0.3) | |||||
20 | NA | NA | NA | 2.9 (2.2, 2.7) | NA | MIP: − 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.2) | |||||
40 | NA | NA | NA | 5.5 (4.1, 7.2) | NA | MIP:1.1 (− 0.1, 1.9) | |||||
60 | NA | NA | NA | 7.4 (5.4, 8.8) | NA | MIP: 1.6 (0.8, 2.7) | |||||
RMO | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0.3 (0.3, 0.5) | NA | MIP: − 0.6 (− 1.1, − 0.4) | ||||
10 | NA | NA | NA | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | NA | MIP: − 0.2 (− 0.8, 0.1) | |||||
20 | NA | NA | NA | 1.4 (1.3, 1.8) | NA | MIP: − 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.1) | |||||
40 | NA | NA | NA | 2.2 (2.0, 2.5) | NA | MIP:0.1 (− 0.2, 0.4) | |||||
60 | NA | NA | NA | 2.7 (2.4, 3.1) | NA | MIP:0.5 (0.2, 0.7) | |||||
Möller et al. 2017 [40] | Randomized crossover | 10 | Not specified | RMC | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Clearance half-time in trachea: 23.73 ± 6.63 |
30 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Clearance half-time in trachea:14.3 ± 13.43 | |||||
45 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Clearance half-time in trachea:10.53 ± 9.85 |