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Table 1 Descriptive statistics

From: Perioperative changes in fluid distribution and haemodynamics in acute high-risk abdominal surgery

Variables

Intestinal obstruction (n = 27)

Perforated viscus (n = 26)

Anastomotic leakage (n = 20)

P value (chi-square)

Baseline, n (%)

    

Age, years, range

64 (27–90)

67.5 (22–87)

60 (25–80)

0.598†

Female

13 (48.1)

13 (50.0)

8 (40.0)

0.780

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

25 (22–32)

26 (20–30)

28 (22–32)

0.239

ASA score > II

10 (37.3)

11 (42.3)

6 (30.0)

0.692

ECOG performance score > 1

12 (44.5)

14 (53.8)

6 (30.0)

0.270

Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3

16 (59.2)

14 (53.8)

12 (60.0)

0.893

qSOFA, > 1

1 (3.7)

3 (11.5)

7(35.0)

0.010

Comorbidities, n (%)

    

Cardiovascular

7 (25.9)

9 (34.6)

5 (25.0)

0.712

Ischemic heart disease

1 (3.7)

2 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

0.710

Congestive heart failure

1 (3.7)

2 (7.7)

1 (5.0)

0.700

Pulmonary

4 (14.8)

3 (11.5)

2 (10.0)

0.811

Cerebrovascular

2 (7.4)

2 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

0.449

Renal

1 (3.7)

3 (11.5)

2 (10.0)

0.551

Diuretics

3 (11.1)

5 (19.2)

4 (20.0)

0.284

Preoperative blood samples, median (IQR)

    

Plasma albumin, g/L

35 (28–41)

30 (25–36)

26 (22–27)

< .001

C-reactive protein, mg/dL

10 (5–10)

70 (10–210)

320 (250–355)

< .0001

Creatinine, mmol/L

78 (62–92)

82 (68–124)

87 (68–94)

0.456

Plasma sodium, mmol/L

137 (134–139)

136 (135–139)

136 (134–139)

0.052

Plasma potassium, mmol/L

3.9 (3.6–4.0)

3.6 (3.5–4.2)

3.8 (3.6–4.1)

0.165

Plasma chloride, mmol/L

102 (99–106)

106 (102–108)

104 (101–107)

0.257

Plasma lactate, mmol/L

0.8 (0.7–1.8)

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

0.379

Intraoperative parameters, n (%)

    

Laparoscopy

2 (7.4)

8 (30.8)

7 (35.0)

0.029

Laparotomy

25 (92.6)

18 (69.2)

13 (65.0)

0.029

Epidural analgesia

20 (74.1)

24 (92

18 890.0)

0.199

Vasopressor infusion*

14 (51.8)

18 (69.2)

17 (85.0)

0.050

Manheim Peritonitis Index > 20

7 (26.0)

14 (53.8)

8 (40.0)

0.116

Volume Status Evaluation, median (IQR)

    

Intraoperative fluid balance, L

1.8 (1.4–2.1)

1.9 (1.5–2.6)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

0.340¤

Crystalloids, L

1.0 (0.7–1.9)

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.1 (0.8–1.3)

0.352¤

Colloids, L

0.5(0.4–0.8)

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.5 (0.4–0.8)

0.230¤

Cumulated I/O, L, days 1–5

3.4 (1.1–11.4)

6.9 (3.0–11.5)

1.3 (− 3.1–6.8)

0.014¤

Cumulated crystalloids, L, days 1–5

5.1 (4.2–9.9)

6.6 (4.5–10.1)

8.6 (5.7–11.2)

0.200¤

Cumulated colloids, L, days 1–5

0.0 (0.0–0.8)

0.3 (0.0–0.7)

0.1 (0.0–0.5)

0.610¤

Body weight change, kg: days 1–5

2.7 (− 1.5–6.0)

4.5 (1.0–8.1)

1.2 (− 1.2–2.3)

0.152¤

AFO volume change, L: days 1–5

3.35 (1.40–5.20)

5.15 (3.90–5.80)

3.50 (1.75–4.50)

0.044¤

  1. BMI Body Mass Index; ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists; ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score; qSOFA quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment; Colloids = albumin 5%; I/O: fluid balance calculated by the volume of fluid intake minus the volume of fluid output in the defined duration of time; AFO absolute fluid overload measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy
  2. *Phenylephrine or Norepinephrine
  3. †One way ANOVA
  4. ¤Kruskal–Wallis