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Table 1 Summary of baseline characteristics of randomized control trials

From: Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in cardiac arrest: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized control trials

First author, year

Trial registration

Sample size (study group: control)

Country leading study

Number of centers

Enrolment period

Funding

Location of cardiac arrest

Time of intervention administration

Study group

Control group

Paris [20]

NR

81 (37:46)

USA

Singleā€”(13 Mobile Intensive Care Units)

November, 1984

Organon Pharmaceuticals

100% out-of-hospital

During CPR

Patients were given 100Ā mg of dexamethasone in 10Ā cc of diluent during CPR

Patients were given an identical study group matched volume of placebo during CPR

Metz [19]

NR

814 (418:396)

USA

NR

NR

Grant from the Upjohn Company (Former Pharmaceutical Company)

NR

After CPR

Patients received investigational therapyā€‰<ā€‰6Ā h post-arrest and 30Ā mg/kg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (3Ā g maximum)

Patients received investigational therapy 6ā€“12Ā h post-arrest and 30Ā mg/kg of an identical study group matching placebo (3Ā g maximum)

Mentzelopoulos [8]

NCT00411879

100 (48:52)

Greece

1

07/2006ā€“03/2007

Thorax Research Foundation, Athens, Greece, and the Greek Society of Intensive Care Medicine

100% In-hospital

During and after CPR

Patients were given vasopressin (20Ā IU/CPR cycle) plus epinephrine (1Ā mg per CPR cycle) for the first 5 cycles post-randomization. During the first cycle of CPR, patients received methylprednisolone (40Ā mg). Shock after resuscitation was treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone (300Ā mg daily for 7Ā days maximum and gradual taper)

Patients were given isotonic sodium chloride solution placebo solution with epinephrine (1Ā mg per CPR cycle) for the first 5 CPR cycles post-randomization

On the first CPR cycle, patients received saline placebo. Shock was treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone-sodium succinate (300Ā mg daily for 7Ā days maxi- mum, with gradual taper)

Mentzelopoulos [7]

NCT00729794

268 (130/āˆ’Ā 138)

Greece

3

09/2008ā€“10/2010

Greek Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Project ā€œSynergasiaā€ (ie, Cooperation) of the Greek Ministry of Education

100% In-hospital

During and after resuscitation

Patients were given vasopressin (20Ā IU/CPR cycle) plus epinephrine (1 mg per CPR cycle; cycle duration approximately 3Ā min) for the first 5 CPR cycles after randomization, followed by additional epinephrine if needed. During the first cycle of CPR, patients received d methylprednisolone (40Ā mg). Shock after resuscitation was treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone (300Ā mg daily for 7Ā days maximum and gradual taper)

Patients were given saline placebo plus epinephrine (1Ā mg per CPR cycle; cycle duration approximately 3Ā min) for the first 5 CPR cycles after randomization, followed by additional epinephrine if needed. During the first CPR cycle after randomization, patients received saline placebo. Shock after resuscitation was treated with saline placebo

Donnino [9]

NCT00676585

50 (25:25)

USA

3

01/2008ā€“3/2014

Grant from the American Heart Association

24% in-hospital: 76% out-of hospital

During and After CPR

Patients were given 100Ā mg hydrocortisone intravenously every 8Ā h up to 7Ā days or 24Ā h after shock reversal

Patients were given identical study group matched volumes of placebo intravenously every 8Ā h up to 7Ā days or 24Ā h after shock reversal

Bolvardi [10]

NR

50 (25:25)

Iran

1

2015

NR

100% in-hospital

During CPR (first cycle)

Patients were given epinephrine (1mp per CPR cycle) and 150Ā mg intravenous methylprednisone during the first cycle of CPR or after the second administration of epinephrine

Patients were given epinephrine (1mp per CPR cycle) and identical study group matched volumes of saline as placebo were administered during the first cycle of CPR or after the second administration of epinephrine

Andersen [1]

NCT03640949

501 (237:264)

Denmark

10

October 15, 2018, to January 21, 2021

Aarhus University Research Foundation; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; the Central Denmark Region; and the Independent Research Fund Denmark

100% in-hospital

NR

Patients were given (40Ā mg) of methylprednisolone and 20Ā IU of vasopressin after the first dose of epinephrine. Additional doses of vasopressin (20Ā IU) were administered after each epinephrine dose for a maximum of 4 doses (80Ā IU)

Patients were given 9Ā mg/mL of sodium chloride from identical ampoules after each epinephrine dose for a maximum of 4 doses (80Ā IU)

Rafiei [21]

IRCT20130812014333N127

347 (171:176)

Iran

1

May 15, 2019 ā€“ August 16, 2019

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

100% in-hospital

During and after CPR

Patients received epinephrine at a dose of 1Ā mg per CPR cycle and 125Ā mg methylprednisone during the first cycle of resuscitation or during the second injection of epinephrine

Patients received epinephrine at a dose of 1Ā mg per CPR cycle and a placebo control during the first cycle of resuscitation or during the second injection of epinephrine