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Table 2 Outcome by prehospital transfusion strategy

From: Association of red blood cells and plasma transfusion versus red blood cell transfusion only with survival for treatment of major traumatic hemorrhage in prehospital setting in England: a multicenter study

 

RBC

RBC + P

RCP

N = 223

N = 391

N = 295

N (%), unless otherwise stated

Mortality†

Died on scene

65 (29.1%)

96 (25.2%)

77 (26.5%)

24-h mortality

106 (47.5%)

139 (36.1%)*

117 (40.2%)**

30-day mortality

120 (53.8%)

191 (49.1%)

148 (50.1%)

Cause of death

Hemorrhage (including tamponade)

55 (45)

80 (42)

59 (40)

Traumatic Brain Injury/Hypoxic brain injury

52 (43)

68 (36)

57 (39)

Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome

13 (11)

40 (21)

30 (20)

Others

–

3 (2)

2 (1)

Complications

Cardiac arrest (in-hospital)

27 (12.1%)

28 (7.3%)

36 (12.4%)

Hemorrhagic CVA

5 (2.2%)

18 (4.7%)

4 (1.37%)

Transfusion reaction

0 (0.00%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.00%)

Venous thrombotic event

3 (1.3%)

15 (3.90%)

15 (5.15%)

Arterial thrombotic event

0 (0.00%)

4 (1.0%)

2 (0.69%)

ICU admission

106 (47.5%)

187 (49.1%)

166 (57.0%)

Ventilator days (median, [IQR])

2 [1;4]

5 [2;8]

3 [1;5]

ARDS

4 (1.79%)

4 (1.04%)

1 (0.34%)

Multi-organ failure

13 (5.8%)

34 (8.9%)

25 (8.6%)

Sepsis

40 (17.9%)

42 (11.0%)

39 (13.4%)

Nr of days in Hospital, (median, IQR)

14 (11–17)

13 (9–18)

10 (4–14)

Prehospital blood transfusion

 

Median (Interquartile range)

RBC (units)

2 (2;4)

1 (0;1)

–

FFP (units)/Lyoplas

–

1 (0;1)

–

RCP (units)

–

–

2 (1.;2)

Blood transfusion from Hospital arrival up to 24 h

 

Median (Interquartile range)

RBC (units)

5 (2;10)

3 (1;6)

4 (2;8)

Cryoprecipitate (pools)

1.7 (0;2)

1.1 (0;1.5)

2 (0;3)

FFP (units)

4 (2;8)

3 (1;5)

4 (1;8)

Platelets

1.1 (0,2)

0.75 (0, 1)

0.94 (0,2)

  1. †24 h mortality includes those who died on scene and 30-day mortality includes those who died at 24 h
  2. *5 unknown
  3. **4 unknown
  4. RBC red blood cells; P plasma; RCP red cell and plasma combined; CVA cerebrovascular accident; ICU Intensive Care Unit; ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome; IQR Interquartile range, FFP fresh frozen plasma