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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to targeted temperature

From: The impact of different targeted temperatures on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a nationwide cohort study

 

Original cohort, N, (%)

After adjustment of IPW, %

All patients

N = 890

Missing

n-TTM

N = 249

h-TTM

N = 641

SMD

n-TTM

h-TTM

SMD

Basic information

 Men

736 (82.7)

0 (0.0)

207 (83.1)

529 (82.5)

0.016

83.9

82.7

0.032

 Age, y, median (IQR)

59 (48–68)

0 (0.0)

60 (50–68)

58 (48–67)

0.115

59 (50–67)

59 (48–68)

0.004

 Cardiac cause of arrest

816 (91.5)

0 (0.0)

220 (88.4)

594 (92.7)

0.148

91.8

91.5

0.009

Prehospital information

 Bystander witness

716 (80.5)

0 (0.0)

205 (82.3)

511 (79.7)

0.067

79.3

80.2

0.023

 Bystander CPR

439 (49.3)

0 (0.0)

122 (49.0)

317 (49.5)

0.009

48.2

49.3

0.021

 Use of public-access AEDs

86 (9.7)

0 (0.0)

22 (8.8)

64 (10.0)

0.039

9.9

9.5

0.013

 Initially documented rhythm at the scene

 

0 (0.0)

  

0.286

  

0.006

  Shockable rhythm

587 (65.9)

 

140 (56.2)

447 (69.7)

 

65.4

65.7

 

   Ventricular fibrillation

583 (65.5)

 

139 (55.8)

444 (69.3)

    

   Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

4 (0.5)

 

1 (0.4)

3 (0.5)

    

  Non-shockable rhythm

220 (24.7)

 

77 (30.9)

143 (22.3)

 

25.2

24.9

 

   Pulseless electric activity

141 (15.8)

 

51 (20.5)

90 (14.0)

    

   Asystole

79 (8.9)

 

26 (10.4)

53 (8.3)

    

  Unknown

83 (9.3)

 

32 (12.9)

51 (8.0)

 

9.5

9.4

 

 Epinephrine

309 (34.7)

0 (0.0)

83 (33.3)

226 (35.3)

0.041

34.8

34.9

0.001

 Advanced airway management

803 (90.2)

0 (0.0)

229 (92.0)

574 (89.5)

0.084

89.6

90.1

0.017

 EMS call to contact with a patient, min, median (IQR)

7 (5–8)

0 (0.0)

7 (6–8)

7 (5–8)

0.047

7 (5–8)

7 (5–8)

0.005

 EMS contact with a patient to hospital, min, median (IQR)a

23 (18–30)

10 (1.1)

24 (18–30)

23 (18–30)

0.021

23 (18–30)

23 (18–30)

0.006

Hospital characteristics

 CCMC

838 (94.2)

0 (0.0)

241 (96.8)

597 (93.1)

0.171

92.6

94.2

0.067

 Annual number of patients treated with ECMO

 

0 (0.0)

  

0.293

  

0.011

  Low volume

319 (35.8)

 

81 (32.5)

238 (37.1)

 

36.2

35.9

 

  Middle volume

313 (35.1)

 

72 (28.9)

241 (37.6)

 

35.0

34.9

 

  High volume

258 (29.0)

 

96 (38.6)

162 (25.3)

 

28.7

29.2

 

In-hospital information

 Initially documented rhythm at the hospital

 

0 (0.0)

  

0.161

  

0.025

  Shockable rhythm

422 (47.4)

 

110 (44.2)

312 (48.7)

 

46.3

47.4

 

   Ventricular fibrillation

407 (45.7)

 

105 (42.2)

302 (47.1)

    

   Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

15 (1.7)

 

5 (2.0)

10 (1.6)

    

  Non-shockable rhythm

411 (46.2)

 

116 (46.6)

295 (46.0)

 

47.9

46.7

 

   Pulseless electric activity

248 (27.9)

 

67 (26.9)

181 (28.2)

    

   Asystole

163 (18.3)

 

49 (19.7)

114 (17.8)

    

  Presence of pulse

57 (6.4)

 

23 (9.2)

34 (5.3)

 

5.8

5.9

 

 ECMO induction before first ROSC

596 (67.0)

0 (0.0)

169 (67.9)

427 (66.6)

0.027

66.1

67.1

0.021

 Performance of coronary angiography

792 (89.0)

0 (0.0)

210 (84.3)

582 (90.8)

    

  Success of percutaneous coronary intervention

416 (46.7)

0 (0.0)

116 (46.6)

300 (46.8)

0.004

46.2

46.9

0.013

 Hospital arrival to ECMO, min, median (IQR)a

29 (20–41)

7 (0.8)

29 (20–45)

29 (20–40)

0.017

29 (20–47)

30 (20–40)

0.023

 TTM induction time, min, median (IQR)a

95 (28–238)

81 (9.1)

60 (5–193)

110 (31–240)

0.174

   
  1. Values are expressed numbers (percentages) unless indicated otherwise
  2. IQR interquartile range, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, AED automated external defibrillator, EMS emergency medical service, CCMC critical care medical centre, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, TTM targeted temperature management, N-TTM normothermic TTM, H-TTM hypothermic TTM, SMD standardized mean difference, IPW inverse probability weighting
  3. aCalculated for patients for whom data were available
  4. bComparisons between the two groups were made with Mann–Whitney U test for numeric variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables