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Table 2 Patient characteristics at randomization by quartiles of baseline fluid balance

From: Fluid balance and renal replacement therapy initiation strategy: a secondary analysis of the STARRT-AKI trial

 

Quartile 1 N = 685

Quartile 2 N = 685

Quartile 3 N = 684

Quartile 4 N = 684

p value for trend

Cumulative fluid balance, mL

125 (− 272, 487)

1700 (1281, 2150)

3907 (3250, 4625)

9084 (6837, 12,279)

 < 0.01

Percent fluid overload, %

0 (0–1)

2 (2–3)

5 (4–6)

11 (8–15)

 < 0.01

Age, years

66 (56–74)

67 (57–75)

67 (57–75)

65 (55–73)

0.24

Weight, kg

84.0 (70.0–100.50)

80.25 (70.0–98.0)

84.0 (70.0–98.8)

85.0 (72.0–101.0)

0.01

Baseline serum creatininea, mg/dl

1.12 (0.84–1.59)

1.11 (0.83–1.56)

1.10 (0.83–1.53)

1.00 (0.76–1.32)

 < 0.01

Baseline eGFRb, mL/min/1.73m2

62 (41–89)

64 (43–87)

64 (41–89)

75 (51–95)

 < 0.01

Clinical Frailty Scale score

3 (1–4)

3 (1–4)

3 (1–4)

3 (1–4)

0.15

Preexisting conditions

Hypertension

380 (56)

390 (57)

371 (54)

380 (56)

0.75

Diabetes mellitus

223 (33)

221 (32)

184 (27)

207 (30)

0.12

Heart failure

112 (16)

108 (16)

80 (12)

75 (11)

 < 0.01

Coronary artery disease

176 (26)

163 (24)

131 (19)

136 (20)

 < 0.01

Liver disease

86 (13)

80 (12)

71 (10)

86 (13)

0.81

Metastatic cancer

32 ( 5)

36 ( 5)

42 ( 6)

41 (6)

0.21

Hematologic malignancy

42 ( 6)

43 ( 6)

40 ( 6)

35 (5)

0.39

HIV/AIDS

5 ( 1)

7 ( 1)

6 ( 1)

6 (1)

0.85

Admission category

Scheduled surgery

87 (13)

89 (13)

100 (15)

98 (14)

 < 0.01

Unscheduled surgery

119 (17)

118 (17)

157 (23)

149 (22)

 

Medical

479 (70)

478 (70)

427 (62)

437 (64)

 

AKI risk factors

Cardiopulmonary bypass

44 (6)

53 (8)

71 (10)

55 (8)

0.11

Aortic aneurysm repair

26 (4)

25 (4)

46 (7)

44 (6)

0.66

Major trauma

16 (2)

25 (4)

27 (4)

44 (6)

 < 0.01

Radiocontrast exposure

151 (22)

175 (26)

187 (27)

206 (30)

0.99

Receipt of an aminoglycoside

65 ( 9)

68 (10)

81 (12)

68 (10)

0.16

Sepsis

333 (49)

417 (61)

416 (61)

420 (61)

 < 0.01

Septic shock

215 (31)

322 (47)

338 (49)

331 (48)

 < 0.01

SAPS II score

52 (42–65)

59 (46–72)

60 (49–74)

62 (50–74.3)

 < 0.01

SOFA score

11 (8–13)

12 (9–14)

12 (10–14)

13 (11–15)

 < 0.01

Mechanical ventilation

472 (69)

513 (75)

551 (81)

608 (89)

 < 0.01

Vasoactive support

405 (59)

492 (72)

536 (78)

507 (74)

 < 0.01

Diuretic therapy in preceding 24 h

293 (43)

241 (35)

209 (31)

213 (31)

 < 0.01

Enteral nutrition

212 (31)

243 (35)

248 (36)

339 (50)

 < 0.01

Total parenteral nutrition

83 (12)

84 (12)

79 (12)

89 (13)

0.72

Physiological parameters

Heart rate, beats/min

105 (89–123)

105 (90–122.75)

110 (92.50–125)

109 (91–125)

0.01

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

98 (85–120)

94 (83–112)

92 (81–107)

95 (84–110)

 < 0.01

Temperature, °C

37.3 (36.6–38.1)

37.4 (36.6–38.1)

37.5 (36.8–38.3)

37.6 (36.9–38.3)

 < 0.01

Glasgow Coma Scale

12 (5–15)

10 (3–15)

8 (3–14)

6 (3–11)

 < 0.01

Urine output, mL/24 h

551 (178–1300)

500 (200–925)

399 (170–790)

500 (224–927)

 < 0.01

Laboratory parameters

Hemoglobin, g/dL

9.7 (8.3–11.6)

9.9 (8.4–11.7)

9.7 (8.3–11.4)

9.2 (8.0–10.7)

 < 0.01

White blood cell count—cells

 × 109/L

14 (9–20)

15 (10–21)

15 (10–22)

15 (10–21)

0.51

Platelets, cells × 109/L

158 (90–234)

155 (88–231)

145 (87–216)

127 (73–214)

 < 0.01

Serum bilirubin, mg/dL

0.88 (0.41–1.72)

0.88 (0.47–1.81)

0.88 (0.47–1.87)

0.99 (0.47–2.63)

0.74

Arterial pH

7.35 (7.28–7.40)

7.33 (7.27–7.39)

7.33 (7.25–7.38)

7.32 (7.26–7.39)

 < 0.01

Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L

20 (17–23)

19 (16–22)

19 (17–22)

19 (16–22)

 < 0.01

Outcomes

90-day all-cause mortality

274 (40.0)

312 (45.5)

309 (45.2)

307 (44.9)

0.17

RRT dependence at 90 days

42 (10.2)

28 (7.6)

28 (7.5)

29 (7.8)

0.26

Ventilator-free days through day 28

18 (0–26)

12 (0–24)

12 (0–23)

6 (0–21)

 < 0.01

Hospitalization-free days through day 90

34 (0–69)

7 (0–66)

0 (0–62)

0 (0–57)

 < 0.01

  1. All values expressed as medians with interquartile range or numbers (%)
  2. The baseline serum creatinine level was defined as the most recent outpatient level obtained during the year preceding the current hospitalization. If this value was not available, the lowest serum creatinine level obtained during the current hospitalization was used to establish the baseline
  3. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated with the use of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology collaboration equation, which incorporates the baseline serum creatinine level, age, sex, and black race
  4. Results for the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II range from 0 to 163, with higher scores indicating more severe disease and a higher risk of death
  5. Scores on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe disease and a higher risk of death