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Table 6 Summary of the diagnostic meta-analysis for the studies using standard AKI criteria (any of RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO)

From: Comparative accuracy of biomarkers for the prediction of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Marker

No. of study

Sensitivity, % (95% CI)

Specificity, % (95% CI)

DOR (95% CI)

Relative sensitivity (95% CI)

Relative specificity (95% CI)

Relative DOR (95% CI)

NGAL

33

75.9 (71.2–80.0)

79.9 (76.0–83.3)

12.5 (9.2–16.9)

Reference

Reference

Reference

IL-18

11

66.2 (58.9–72.8)

79.8 (75.7–83.4)

7.7 (5.3–11.2)

0.87 (0.79–0.96)*

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.62 (0.45–0.85)*

IL-18/Cr

3

71.4 (62.8–78.6)

80.1 (74.3–84.9)

10.0 (6.1–16.5)

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.80 (0.50–1.29)

KIM-1

12

76.2 (70.2–81.4)

80.0 (75.6–83.7)

12.8 (8.7–18.7)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

1.03 (0.74–1.42)

KIM-1/Cr

6

69.3 (59.5–77.5)

83.4 (78.3–87.5)

11.3 (6.7–19.1)

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

1.04 (1.00–1.09)

0.91 (0.55–1.50)

L-FABP

9

70.4 (62.6–77.1)

81.7 (77.7–85.2)

10.6 (7.0–16.1)

0.93 (0.84–1.02)

1.02 (1.00–1.05)

0.85 (0.59–1.22)

L-FABP/Cr

8

81.9 (74.2–87.7)

70.0 (59.0–79.1)

10.6 (5.6–20.1)

1.08 (0.99–1.18)

0.88 (0.76–1.01)

0.85 (0.44–1.63)

NGAL/Cr

9

71.1 (63.0–78.1)

86.2 (82.1–89.5)

15.4 (9.6–24.4)

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

1.08 (1.04–1.12)*

1.23 (0.79–1.91)

Serum NGAL

35

74.3 (69.4–78.8)

78.9 (74.8–82.5)

10.8 (7.9–14.8)

0.98 (0.92–1.04)

0.99 (0.96–1.01)

0.87 (0.65–1.15)

TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: custom

6

85.9 (74.4–92.7)

58.1 (43.6–71.4)

8.4 (3.4–20.7)

1.13 (1.00–1.28)*

0.73 (0.57–0.93)*

0.67 (0.26–1.75)

TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 0.3

16

66.6 (56.7–75.2)

74.0 (64.5–81.7)

5.7 (3.2–10.0)

0.88 (0.75–1.02)

0.93 (0.82–1.05)

0.46 (0.24–0.86)*

TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2

10

17.5 (11.6–25.6)

97.5 (95.8–98.5)

8.3 (4.2–16.1)

0.23 (0.15–0.35)

1.22 (1.16–1.28)

0.66 (0.32–1.38)

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, RIFLE Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease, AKIN Acute Kidney Injury Network, KDIGO Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, CI confidence interval, DOR diagnostic odds ratio, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-18 interleukin-18, Cr urine creatinine, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1, L-FABP liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 × insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7;
  2. *Numbers in bold indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) versus the referent category: “NGAL”