No | Study (year) | Population setting | Biomarker | Endpoint | AKI criteria | UOC | Total patient | No AKI (%) | AKI (%) | AKI severity | Timing of measurement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Qian et al. 2019 [24] | Patients who underwent cardiac surgery | Urinary NGAL Urinary Klotho | AKI within post-op 7Â days | AKIN | No | 91 | 58 (63.7) | 33 (36.3) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Post-op 0, 2, 4Â h |
2 | Prowle et al. 2015 [25] | Cardiopulmonary bypass, ICU patients | Urinary NGAL Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary L-FABP | AKI within post-op 5Â days | RIFLE | No | 93 | 68 (73.1) | 25 (26.9) | AKI stage R, I, F | Pre-op, and post-op 24Â h |
3 | Lei et al. 2018 [26] | Decompensated cirrhosis | Urinary NGAL Urinary KIM-1 Serum CyC Serum Cr | AKI within 7Â days | KDIGO | Yes | 150 | 82 (54.7) | 68 (45.3) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | At hospital admission |
4 | van Wolfswinkel et al. 2016 [27] | Patients with imported falciparum malaria | Urinary NGAL Urinary KIM-1 Serum NGAL | AKI within 7Â days | KDIGO | No | 39 | 33 (84.6) | 6 (15.4) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | At hospital admission |
5 | Srisawat et al. 2015 [28] | Hospitalized patients with Leptospirosis | Urinary NGAL Serum NGAL | AKI within 7 days | KDIGO | No | 113 | 71 (62.8) | 42 (37.2) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | At hospital admission |
6 | Zeng et al. 2014 [29] | Major surgery | Urinary NGAL Urinary L-FABP | Post-op AKI within 2 days | AKIN | No | 197 | 160 (81.2) | 37 (18.8) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Pre-op, and post-op 0, 4, 12 h and 1, 2, 7, 14 days |
7 | AydoÄŸdu et al. 2013 [30] | Critically ill patients with and without sepsis | Urinary NGAL Urinary CyC Serum CyC | AKI within 7Â days | RIFLE | Yes | 151 | 88 (58.3) | 63 (41.7) | AKI stage R, I, F | Every day since ICU admission to the day of AKI |
8 | Liu et al. 2013 [31] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary NGAL Urinary L-FABP | Post-op AKI within 3Â days | AKIN | No | 109 | 83 (76.1) | 26 (23.9) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Pre-op, and post-op 0, 2Â h |
9 | Wagener et al. 2011 [32] | Orthotopic liver transplantation | Urinary NGAL/Cr | Post-op AKI within 7 days | RIFLE | No | 92 | 55 (59.8) | 37 (40.2) | AKI stage ≥ R | Pre-op, post-op 3, 18, 24 h |
10 | Makris et al. 2009 [33] | Critically ill multiple trauma patients | Urinary NGAL | AKI within 3Â days | RIFLE | No | 31 | 20 (64.5) | 11 (35.5) | AKI stage R, I, F | At ICU admission and post-admission 24, 48Â h |
11 | Constantin et al. 2010 [34] | Critically ill patients | Serum NGAL | AKI at ICU admission | RIFLE | No | 88 | 36 (40.9) | 52 (59.1) | AKI stage ≥ R | At ICU admission |
12 | Cruz et al. 2010 [35] | Critically ill patients | Serum NGAL | AKI during ICU stay | RIFLE | No | 301 | 168 (55.8) | 133 (44.2) | AKI stage R, I, F | Daily from ICU admission to 4Â days after ICU admission |
13 | de Geus et al. 2011 [36] | Critically ill patients | Urine NGAL Serum NGAL | AKI with 7Â days of ICU stay | RIFLE | No | 632 | 461 (72.9) | 171 (27.1) | AKI stage R, I, F | At ICU admission |
14 | Endre et al. 2011 [37] | Critically ill patients | Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary CysC/Cr Urinary IL-18/Cr Urinary KIM-1/Cr | AKI, Mortality within 7 days | AKIN and RIFLE | No | 528 | 381 (72.2) | 147 (27.8) | AKI stage ≥ R or ≥ 1 | At ICU admission, and at 12 and 24 h after admission |
15 | Breidthardt et al. 2012 [38] | Acute heart failure patients presented to emergency department | Serum NGAL | AKI | AKIN | No | 207 | 147 (71) | 60 (29) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Every 6Â h from ER presentation to 48Â h after ER |
16 | Camou et al. 2013 [39] | Critically ill adult with septic shock | Serum NGAL | AKI at ICU admission, and 24Â h, 48Â h | RIFLE/AKIN | No | 50 | 7 (14) | 43 (86) | AKI stage R, I, F, AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | at ICU admission, and 24Â h, 48Â h |
17 | Doi et al. 2013 [40] | Cardiac surgical patients | Serum NGAL | AKI | AKIN | No | 146 | 93 (63.7) | 53 (36.3) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Pre-op, post-op 0, 2, 4, 12, 24, 36, 60 h |
18 | Gaipov et al. 2015 [41] | Cardiac surgical patients | Urinary NGAL Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI within 12Â h, 24Â h, 48Â h and RRT | KDIGO | No | 60 | 40 (66.7) | 20 (33.3) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3, RRT | Post-op 2Â h |
19 | Cuartero et al. 2019 [42] | Critically ill patients | Serum NGAL | AKI and ICU admission and 48Â h later | AKIN and KDIGO | No | 100 | 57 (57) | 43 (43) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | At ICU admission, and 24, 48Â h later |
20 | Khawaja et al. 2019 [43] | Critically ill patients with suspected sepsis | Serum NGAL | Sepsis-related AKI | RIFLE | No | 46 | 22 (47.8) | 24 (52.2) | AKI stage ≥ R | 12, 24, and 48 h after ICU admission |
21 | Mosa et al. 2018 [44] | Cardiothoracic surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass | Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | No | 182 | 117 (64.3) | 65 (35.7) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Before CPB and at 0, 2, 12, 24 h after CPB |
22 | Sun et al. 2017 [45] | Scrub typhus-associated AKI | Serum NGAL Serum KIM-1 Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary KIM-1/Cr | Scrub typhus–associated AKI | RIFLE | Yes | 138 | 113 (81.9) | 25 (18.1) | AKI stage R, I, F | Admission (n = 138) and 3 days after taking the initial sample (n = 37) |
23 | Ghonemy et al. 2014 [46] | Cardiac surgery (CPB & valve replacement surgery) | Serum NGAL Serum CysC | Post-op AKI | N.A | No | 50 | 33 (66) | 17 (34) | Creatinine level at 24Â h being elevated either by 25% of the basal level or by 0.3Â mg/dL above the basal level | Baseline, and post-op 3, 6, 24Â h |
24 | Padhy et al. 2014 [47] | Patients received percutaneous coronary intervention | Serum NGAL Serum CysC | Contrast-induced AKI | N.A | No | 60 | 30 (50) | 30 (50) | by a rise in serum creatinine level of at least 0.5Â mg/dL from the baseline value at 48Â h | 0, 4, 24, 48Â h after coronary angiography |
25 | Geus et al. 2013 [48] (no sepsis) | ICU patients | Serum NGAL | AKI within 24 h after ICU admission | AKIN | No | 542 | 427 (78.8) | 115 (21.2) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | ICU Admission (0 h) and at 4, 8, 24 h after ICU Admission |
25 | Geus et al. 2013 [48] (sepsis) | ICU patients | Serum NGAL | AKI within 24 h after ICU admission | AKIN | No | 75 | 25 (33.3) | 50 (66.7) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | ICU Admission (0 h) and at 4, 8, 24 h after ICU Admission |
26 | Haase-Fielitz et al. 2009 [49] | Cardiac surgery | Serum NGAL, Serum CysC | Post-op AKI and 24 h after OP | SCr increase > 50% from baseline; RIFLE | No | 100 | 77 (77) | 23 (23) | AKI stage R, I, F | Baseline, post-op 6 h and 24 h |
27 | Hanson et al. 2011 [50] | Severe malaria | Urinary NGAL Serum Cr | RRT | N.A | No | 163 | 79 (48.5) | 84 (51.5) | RRT | On study enrollment |
28 | Introcaso et al. 2018 [51] | Cardiac surgery | Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 69 | 45 (65.2) | 24 (34.8) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Pre-op and within post-op 4Â h in ICU |
29 | Kim et al. 2017 [52] | Critically ill patients with suspected sepsis | Serum NGAL Serum PENK | AKI, mortality | KDIGO | No | 167 | 126 (75.4) | 41 (24.6) | AKI stage ≥ 1, RRT | On study enrollment |
30 | Ferrari et al. 2019 [53] | Critically ill adult | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI within 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days | KDIGO | Yes | 442 | 254 (57.5) | 188 (42.5) | AKI stage ≥ 1; RRT | ICU admission |
31 | Xie et al. 2019 [54] | ICU patients | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | CRRT, mortality, length of ICU stay | KDIGO Stage AKI 1, 2, 3 | Yes | 719 | 480 (66.8) | 239 (33.2) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | immediately upon enrollment |
32 | Adler et al. 2018 [55] | Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI | KDIGO Stage AKI 1, 2, 3 | Yes | 48 | 17 (35.4) | 31 (64.6) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 3 h and 24 h after OHCA |
33 | Oezkur et al. 2017[ 56] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI within 48 h after op | KDIGO | Yes | 100 | 80 (80) | 20 (20) | Unknown | Before surgery (baseline), ICU admission (directly after Surgery), 24 h post-surgery |
34 | Wang et al. 2017 [57] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI within 7 days after op | KDIGO | Yes | 57 | 37 (64.9) | 20 (35.1) | AKI stage 2 or 3 | Before surgery, ICU admission (in 2-h intervals from 0 to 12 h after Surgery), 24 h after ICU admission |
35 | Finge et al. 2017 [58] | Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI within 48 h after op | KDIGO | Yes | 93 | 59 (63.4) | 34 (36.6) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Before surgery and 3-h postoperative period |
36 | Cuartero et al. 2017 [59] | Septic and non-septic critically ill patients | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI | AKIN | Yes | 98 | 49 (50) | 49 (50) | AKI stage ≥ 2, RRT | at ICU admission and up to 12 h later simultaneously with the morning blood work |
37 | Mayer et al. 2017 [60] | Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Post-op AKI | KDIGO and RIFLE | Yes | 110 | 101 (91.8) | 9 (8.2) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3; stage R, I, F | Pre-op and at 1, 4, 24 h after surgery |
38 | Meersch et al. 2014 [61] | Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Post-op AKI | AKIN or KDIGO | Yes | 50 | 24 (48) | 26 (52) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Pre-op and 4, 12, 24 h after CPB |
39 | Dusse et al. 2016 [62] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI stage 2 or 3 within 48 h after op | KDIGO | Yes | 40 | 32 (80) | 8 (20) | AKI stage 2, 3 | post-op 4 h and then twice daily until discharge from ICU (maximum 4 days) |
40 | Gunnerson et al. 2016 [63] | Critically ill patients | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI stage 2 or 3 | KDIGO | No | 375 | 340 (90.7) | 35 (9.3) | AKI stage 2, 3 | Within 12 h of ICU admission |
41 | Wetz et al. 2015 [64] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Post-op AKI Stage 1 or 2 | KDIGO | No | 42 | 26 (61.9) | 16 (38.1) | AKI stage 1, 2 | Baseline; End of surgery; 4 h after arrest of CPB; 1 day after surgery |
42 | Kimmel et al. 2016 [65] | ER patient | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Positive U scores at enrollment |  | No | 362 | 347 (95.9) | 15 (4.41) | Unknown | Admission |
43 | Pilarczyk et al. 2015 [66] | Post-cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Post-op AKI stage 2 or 3 within 48 h | KDIGO | No | 60 | 41 (68.3) | 19 (31.7) | AKI stage 1,2,3 | Post-op 4 h and every 12 h until discharge |
44 | Hoste et al. 2014 [67] | Critically ill patients | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | AKI stage 2 or 3 within 12 h | KDIGO | Partial | 153 | 27 (17.6) | 126 (82.4) | AKI stage 1,2,3 | ICU admission |
45 | Cummings et al. 2018 [68] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 | Post-op AKI stage 2 or 3 within 48 h | KDIGO | No | 400 | 309 (77.3) | 91 (22.7) | AKI stage 1, 2, 3 | Immediately after CPB |
46 | Katagiri et al. 2012 [69] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary L-FABP | Post-op AKI | AKIN | No | 77 | 49 (63.6) | 28 (36.4) | Unknown | Pre-op, 0,4,12Â h after ICU admission |
47 | Doi et al. 2011 [70] | Critically ill patients admitted to medical–surgical mixed ICU | Urinary L-FABP Urinary NGAL Urinary IL-18 | AKI during admission | RIFLE | No | 339 | 208 (61.4) | 131 (38.6) | Unknown | 12 h after ICU admission |
48 | Ferguson et al. 2010 [71] | Ordinary ward and ICU | Urinary L-FABP Urinary NGAL Urinary KIM-1Urinary IL-18 Urinary NAG | AKI |  ≥ 50% increase in SCr from baseline | No | 160 | 68 (42.5) | 92 (57.5) | unknown | NA |
49 | Li et al. 2012 [72] | Liver transplantation | Urinary L-FABP Urinary NGAL | AKI | AKIN | No | 25 | 14 (56) | 11 (44) | Unknown | 0,2,4,6,12,24,48, 72,120Â h after the anhepatic phase |
50 | Manabe et al. 2012 [73] | Cardiac catheterization | Urinary L-FABP | Contrast-induced AKI within 48Â h | AKIN | No | 220 | 201 (91.4) | 19 (8.6) | Unknown | on day 0, 1 and 2 after contrast medium exposure |
51 | Matsui et al. 2012 [74] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary NGAL Urinary L-FABP | Post-op AKI within 48Â h | AKIN | No | 85 | 37 (43.5) | 48 (56.5) | Unknown | Before OP, 0,3,6,18,24 and 48Â h after OP |
52 | Khreba et al. 2019 [75] | Post-cardiopulmonary bypass in open heart surgery | Urinary KIM-1 | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | No | 45 | 18 (40) | 27 (60) | Unknown | Post-op 3Â h |
53 | Tu et al. 2014 [76] | Sepsis | Urinary KIM-1 | Sepsis-related AKI | AKIN | No | 150 | 101 (67.3) | 49 (32.7) | Unknown | 0,1,3,6,24,48Â h after ICU admission |
54 | Parikh et al. 2005 [77] | ARDS | Urinary IL-18 | AKI within the first 6Â days of ARDS | Increase in SCr by at least 50% | No | 138 | 86 (62.3) | 52 (37.7) | Unknown | ICU admission 0,1,3Â day |
55 | Parikh et al. 2004 [78] | Kidney transplant patients | Urinary IL-18 | ATN | SCr from normal to > 3 mg/dL (> 265 umol/L) | No | 72 | 50 (69.4) | 22 (30.6) | Unknown | 24 h after op |
56 | Han et al. 2009 [79] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary KIM-1/Cr | Post-op AKI within 72Â h after surgery | AKIN | No | 90 | 54 (60) | 36 (40) | Unknown | 0,3,18,24Â h after op |
57 | Liangos et al. 2009 [80] | Cardiac surgery (Cardiopulmonary bypass) | Urinary KIM-1 Urinary NAG Urinary NGAL Urinary IL-18 Urinary CysC Urinary α1-microglobulin | Post-op AKI within 72 h | Cre inc > 50% in 72 h | No | 103 | 90 (87.4) | 13 (12.6) | Unknown | 2 h |
58 | Naggar et al. 2012 [81] | Critically ill patients | Urinary KIM-1 | AKI | RIFLE | No | 40 | 20 (50) | 20 (50) | Unknown | 0,24,48Â h |
59 | Nickolas et al. 2012 [82] | ER patients | Urinary KIM-1 Urinary NGAL Urinary IL-18 Urinary L-FABP Urinary CysC | AKI | RIFLE | No | 1635 | 1539 (94.1) | 96 (5.9) | Unknown | 0Â h ER |
60 | Vaidya et al. 2008 [83] | Inpatient nephrology consultation service | Urinary KIM-1 Urinary NGAL Urinary IL-18 Urinary HGF Urinary CysC Urinary NAG Urinary VEGF Urinary CXCL 10 Urinary Total protein | AKI | RIFLE | No | 204 | 102 (50) | 102 (50) | Unknown | 0Â h |
61 | Nisula et al. 2015 [84] | ICU patients | Urinary IL-18 | AKI | KDIGO on Day 2 or Day 3 | YES | 1439 | 942 (65.5) | 497 (34.5) | AKI Stage3 RRT | 0-24Â h |
62 | Nickolas TL et al. 2008 [85] | ER patients | Urinary NGAL Urinary NAG Urinary α1-microglobulin Urinary α1-acid glycoprotein | AKI | RIFLE-R | No | 635 | 605 (95.3) | 30 (4.7) | RRT | ED presentation |
63 | Cho et al. 2013 [86] | Critically ill patients admitted to medical–surgical mixed ICU | Urinary NGAL Urinary L-FABP | AKI | AKIN | No | 145 | 91 (62.8) | 54 (37.2) | AKIN stage 1,2,3 RRT | ICU admission |
64 | Park et al. 2019 [87] | Sepsis | Urinary NGAL | Sepsis-related AKI | KDIGO | No | 140 | 121 (86.4) | 19 (13.6) | Unknown | 0Â h |
65 | Perry et al. 2010[88] | Cardiac Surgical | Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI within 4Â days | 50% increase in serum | No | 879 | 804 (91.5) | 75 (8.5) | Unknown | 0Â h |
66 | Shapiro et al. 2010 [89] | Sepsis | Serum NGAL/Cr | AKI | AKI/ > 0.5 mg/dL in 72 h | No | 661 | 637 (96.4) | 24 (3.6) | RIFLE-I RIFLE-R | 12,24,48,72 h |
67 | Thanakitcharu et al. 2014 [90] | Open cardiac surgery | Urinary NGAL | Post-op AKI | AKIN | No | 130 | 84 (64.6) | 46 (35.3) | Unknown | 0,3,6Â h after surgery |
68 | Valette et al. 2013 [91] | Contrast-induced | Serum NGAL | Contrast-related AKI within 72Â h | AKIN | No | 98 | 68 (64.6) | 30 (35.4) | RRT | 0,2,6,24Â h |
69 | Varela et al. 2015 [92] | Cardiac surgery | Urinary NGAL | Post-op AKI | AKIN | No | 66 | 50 (75.8) | 16 (24.2) | Unknown | 0,1,6,24Â h after surgery |
70 | Chen et al. 2012 [93] | CCU, AMI | Serum NGAL, Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary IL-18/Cr Urinary Cystatin C | AKI | AKIN | No | 150 | 107 (71.3) | 43 (28.7) | Unknown | after CCU admission |
71 | Nisula et al. 2014 [94] | Critically ill | Urinary NGAL | AKI < 72 h | KDIGO | No | 1042 | 663 (63.6) | 379 (36.4) | AKI Stage 1.2.3 RRT | ICU arrival, 12 h 24 h after admission |
72 | Maisel et al. 2016 [95] | Acute heart failure | Serum NGAL | Worsening renal function < 5 days | increase in plasma creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL or ≥ 50% above first value or initiation of acute renal replacement therapy | No | 927 | 855 (92.2) | 72 (7.8) | Unknown | Acute heart failure requiring intravenous diuretic agents. 2,6 h, 1,2,3d |
73 | Matsa et al. 2014 [96] | Critically ill | Serum NGAL Urinary NGAL | AKI < 72 h | RIFLE | No | 194 | 135 (69.6) | 59 (30.4) | Unknown | 0,24,48,72 h ICU arrival |
74 | Munir et al. 2013 [97] | Cardiopulmonary bypass | Urine NGAL | Post-op AKI  < 48 h | AKIN | No | 88 | 77 (87.5) | 11 (12.5) | Unknown | 4 h after CPB |
75 | Onk et al. 2016 [98] | Cardiac surgery | Serum IL-6 Serum NGAL Serum SCr | Post-op AKI  < 7 days | RIFLE | No | 90 | 45 (50) | 45 (50) | RIFLE-R,I,F | Pre-op 1,6,12,24,36 h,7d |
76 | AZRINA MD RALIB et al. 2017 [99] | Critically ill | Serum NGAL | AKI | KDIGO | No | 225 | 138 (61.3) | 87 (38.7) | Unknown | within 24Â h of ICU admission |
77 | Yang et al. 2016 [100] | Heart failure | Urinary NGAL Urinary KIM-1 Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary KIM-1/Cr Serum CysC | AKI | KDIGO | No | 103 | 54 | 49 | Unknown | Admission to ICU |
78 | Ueta et al. 2014 [101] | Endovascular stent graft repair of aortic aneurysm | Urinary NGAL/Cr Urinary NGAL Serum NGAL Serum L-FABP Serum L-FABP/Cr | Post-op AKI | AKIN | No | 42 | 36 | 6 | Unknown | 2Â h post-op 0Â h, 2Â h, 6Â h, 1d, 3d, 4d |
79 | Chang et al. 2015 [102] | CCU patients | Urinary NGAL NGAL/Cr | Pre-renal and intrinsic AKI | KDIGO | No | 147 | 76 | 71 | Unknown | Admission to CCU |
80 | Hjortrup et al. 2014 [103] | ICU severe sepsis | Serum NGAL Urinary NGAL | AKI | KDIGO | No | 222 | 191 | 31 | AKI stage ≥ 1, RRT | On study enrollment |
81 | Chen et al. 2020 [104] | CCU patients | Serum IL-18 Serum NGAL Serum CysC Urinary NGAL Urinary NGAL/Cr | AKI | KDIGO | No | 269 | 217 | 52 | Unknown | Admission to CCU |
82 | Wybraniec et al. 2017 [105] | Contrast-induced acute kidney injury | Urinary KIM-1, Urinary IL-18 | Contrast-induced AKI | KDIGO | No | 95 | 86 | 9 | Unknown | 6Â h after procedure |
83 | Sinkala et al. et al. 2016 [106] | Hospitalized patients | Urinary KIM-1 | AKI | unknown | unknown | 40 | 27 | 13 | Unknown | Cross-sectional |
84 | Torregrosa et al. et al. 2014 [107] | Acute coronary syndrome or heart failure or undergoing coronary angiography | Urinary L-FABP Urinary KIM-1 Urinary NGAL | AKI | RIFLE | No | 144 | 124 | 20 | Unknown | 12Â h after procedure |
85 | Tekce et al. 2014 [108] | Patient received cisplatin | Urinary KIM-1, Serum KIM-1 | AKI | Cre > 1.5–twofold | No | 22 | 14 | 8 | Unknown | Day 0, 1,3,5 |
86 | Torregrosa et al. 2012 [109] (M) | Acute coronary syndrome | Urinary IL-18 Urinary NGAL | AKI | KDIGO | Â | 89 | 77 | 12 | Unknown | 12Â h after procedure |
86 | Torregrosa et al. 2012 [109] (S) | Cardiac surgery | Urinary IL-18 Urinary NGAL | Post-op AKI | RIFLE, Cre inc > 50% | No | 46 | 32 | 14 | Unknown | 12 h after surgery |
87 | Matsui et al. 2011 [110] | ICU patients | Urinary L-FABP/Cr Urinary NAG/Cr | AKI | AKIN (incre > 0.3, 50%) | No | 25 | 11 | 14 | Unknown | 0 h after ICU |
88 | Parikh et al. 2011 [111] | Cardiac surgery | Serum NGAL Urinary NGAL Urinary IL-18 | Post-op AKI | RIFLE | R | 1219 | 1159 | 60 | Unknown | 0–5 day after surgery |
89 | Wang 2017 [112] | Cardiopulmonary bypass | Urinary IL-18 | Post-op AKI | Cre increase > 50% | No | 103 | 81 | 22 | Unknown | Before CPB, at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 12 h after CPB |
90 | Haase-Fielitz et al. 2009 [113] | Cardiac surgery | Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI | Cre increase > 50% within 168 h | No | 100 | 77 | 23 | RIFLE-I,F AKIN-2,3 RRT | 6 h after start CPB |
91 | Waskowski 2021 [114] | Cardiac surgery | 11. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 0.3 12. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2 | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 93 | 62 (67) | 31 (33) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Post-op day 1 |
92 | Imoto 2021 [115] | ICU patients | 07. NGAL | AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 106 | 35 (33) | 71 (67) | AKI Stage 3 | Day 1 |
93 | Lee 2021 [116] | Cardiac surgery | 05. L-FABP 06. L-FABP/Cr | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 144 | 85 (59) | 59 (41) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Post-op 16–18 h |
94 | Szymanowicz 2021 [117] | Cardiac surgery | 07. NGAL | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | No | 114 | 96 (84) | 18 (16) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 3 h after OP |
95 | Zhen 2021 [118] | Acute coronary syndrome | 09. Serum NGAL | AKI | AKIN | No | 172 | 149 (87) | 23 (13) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 6 h after admission |
96 | Obata 2021 [119] | Open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair | 06. L-FABP/Cr 08. NGAL/Cr | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | No | 64 | 45 (70) | 19 (30) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Pre-op, post-induction, 2 h post-AXC, Post-op, 4 h and 2 day |
97 | Qiu 2021 [120] | Sepsis | 07. NGAL | Sepsis-related AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 90 | 46 (51) | 44 (49) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | at ICU admission |
98 | Shakked 2022 [121] | COVID-19 patients | 09. Serum NGAL | AKI | KDIGO | No | 52 | 30 (58) | 22 (42) | AKI stage ≥ 1, RRT | ER presentation |
99 | Vogel 2021 [122] | COVID-19 patients | 04. KIM-1/Cr | AKI | KDIGO | No | 54 | 46 (85) | 8 (15) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | ER presentation |
100 | Ergun 2021 [123] | Major surgery | 09. Serum NGAL | Post-op AKI | AKIN | Yes | 60 | 47 (78) | 13 (22) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Pre-op, Post-op 6 h,24 h |
101 | Pilarczyk 2022 [124] | Thoracic aortic surgery | 10. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: custom | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 101 | 74 (73) | 27 (27) | AKI stage 2 or 3 | Pre-op, Post-op 2 h, 6 h, POD 1 |
102 | Okuda 2022 [125] | Emergency laparotomy | 06. L-FABP/Cr | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 48 | 38 (79) | 10 (21) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Pre-op, Post-op 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h |
103 | Pei 2022 [126] | Sepsis | 09. Serum NGAL | Sepsis-related AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 162 | 102 (63) | 60 (37) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | ER presentation |
104 | Jahaj 2021 [127] | ICU patients | 09. Serum NGAL | AKI | RIFLE | Yes | 266 | 168 (63) | 98 (37) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 24 h after ICU admission |
105 | Garms 2021 [128] | Patients received vancomycin | 07. NGAL | Drug-related AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 94 | 71 (76) | 23 (24) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | The first day of vancomycin use |
106 | Irqsusi 2021 [129] | Cardiac surgery | 10. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: custom 11. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 0.3 12. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2 | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 50 | 36 (72) | 14 ( (28) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Post-op 0.5 h, 1 h and 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after ICU admission |
107 | Guray 2021 [130] | Patients undergoing coronary angiography | 09. Serum NGAL | Contrast-induced nephropathy | an increase of over 25% or equal to or over 44.2 μmol/L in baseline SCr at 48–72 h after cardiac catheterization | No | 84 | 68 (81) | 16 (19) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | Before and at 4 and 24 h after the procedure |
108 | Tan 2022 [131] | Ureteroscopic lithotripsy-related urosepsis | 01 IL-18 03. KIM-1 07. NGAL | Sepsis-related AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 157 | 121 (77) | 36 (23) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 0, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery |
109 | Lakhal 2021 [132] | Cardiac surgery patients | 02. 11. TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 0.3 | Post-op AKI | KDIGO | Yes | 65 | 38 (58) | 27 (42) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | before CPB and post-CPB 6 h, 24 h |
110 | Sahu 2022 [133] | Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention | 03. 09. Serum NGAL | Contrast-induced nephropathy | an increase in SCr by > 0.5 mg/dL or > 25%, assessed at 48 h after the procedure | No | 212 | 187 (88) | 25 (12) | AKI stage ≥ 1 | 4 and 48 h after the procedure |