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Fig. 1 | Critical Care

Fig. 1

From: Comparative accuracy of biomarkers for the prediction of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fig. 1

The discriminative accuracy of the biomarkers to diagnose AKI (A) HSROCs for the AKI biomarkers. The global HSROCs depicting the discriminative accuracy of the biomarkers to diagnose AKI. The red point represents the observation and the circle represents the sample size. The asterisk “*” represents the estimate of HSROC, and the blue dotted circle around it indicates the 95% confidence interval. Among the biomarkers, NGAL, NGAL/Cr, L-FABP/Cr, TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: custom, and TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2 had good HSROCs (> 85–90%). (B) Heatmap plot depicting pairwise comparisons (row vs. column) of relative DOR between the biomarkers in the whole population. The contents of the diagonal are the values of the relative DOR. Red depicts a positive DOR, while yellow depicts no correlation. NGAL and NGAL/Cr had the best relative DOR of the biomarkers. (C) Heatmap plot depicting pairwise comparisons (row vs. column) of relative DOR between the biomarkers in the surgical subgroup. The contents of the diagonal are the values of the relative DOR. Red depicts a positive DOR, while yellow depicts no correlation. NGAL/Cr had the best relative DOR of the biomarkers. (D) Heatmap plot depicting pairwise comparisons (row vs. column) of relative DOR between the markers in the studies that did not use UO criteria. The contents of the diagonal are the values of the relative DOR. Red depicts a positive DOR, while yellow depicts no correlation. NGAL had the best relative DOR of the biomarkers. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; Cr, creatinine; DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; HSROC, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve; IL-18, interleukin-18; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; L-FABP, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 × insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7; and UO, urine output

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