Table 1 Characteristics of patients included in the derivation and validation CBP cohorts
From: A universal predictive and mechanistic urinary peptide signature in acute kidney injury
Parameters CBP cohort | Derivation (n = 509) | Validation (n = 661) | Adjusted univariate p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative features | |||
Male, n (%) | 381 (74.9) | 501 (75.8) | 0.836 |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 11.4 | 66.1 ± 12.4 | 0.071 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.7 | 0.811 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 127 (25) | 179 (27.1) | 0.571 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 269 (52.8) | 399 (60.4) | 0.029 |
PAOD, n (%) | 49 (9.6) | 59 (8.9) | 0.836 |
Stroke, n (%) | 33 (6.5) | 57 (8.6) | 0.312 |
COPD, n (%) | 29 (5.7) | 97 (14.7) |  < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE-II, mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 4.3 | 0.150 |
LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 11.3 | 56.1 ± 11 | 0.844 |
Serum Creatinine (μmol/L), mean ± SD | 98.3 ± 41.2 | 88.3 ± 30.1 |  < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min.1.73m2), mean ± SD | 70.3 ± 20.2 | 77.6 ± 20.6 |  < 0.001 |
Kidney graft recipients, n (%) | 7 (1.4) | 6 (0.9) | 0.771 |
Per-operative features | |||
Surgery | Â | Â | Â |
 CAB, n (%) | 196 (38.5) | 245 (37.1) |  |
 Valvular, n (%) | 175 (34.4) | 199 (30.1) | 0.220 |
 Combined, n (%) | 71 (13.9) | 105 (15.9) |  |
 Thoracic aorta, n (%) | 58 (11.4) | 87 (13.2) |  |
 Myocardium, n (%) | 9 (1.8) | 25 (3.8) |  |
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 23 (4.5) | 57 (8.6) | 0.022 |
CBP time (min), mean ± SD | 85.3 ± 36.2 | 88.5 ± 36.5 | 0.246 |
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 91 (17.9) | 59 (8.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Number, mean ± SD | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
Vasoactive agents, n (%) | 456 (89.6) | 627 (94.9) | 0.003 |
Postoperative features | |||
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 151 (29.7) | 155 (23.4) | 0.045 |
 Number, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 1.9 | 0.368 |
Vasoactive agents, n (%) | 277 (54.4) | 445 (67.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Duration (day), mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 2.6 | 0.004 |
Infection, n (%) | 83 (16.3) | 112 (16.9) | 0.858 |
Iodinated contrast agents, n (%) | 25 (4.9) | 7 (1.1) | 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation duration (d), mean ± SD | 19.5 ± 77.2 | 12.4 ± 42.6 | 0.122 |
ICU stay duration (day), mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 6.7 | 4.2 ± 5.2 |  < 0.001 |
Outcomes | |||
AKI KDIGO | Â | Â | Â |
 0, n (%) | 389 (76.4) | 486 (73.5) |  |
 1, n (%) | 78 (15.3) | 82 (12.4) | 0.005 |
 2, n (%) | 23 (4.5) | 69 (10.4) |  |
 3, n (%) | 19 (3.7) | 24 (3.6) |  |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 15 (2.9) | 26 (3.9) | 0.571 |