Fig. 3

The performance of the algorithm-based, deep learning-based and combined models is demonstrated by the ROC curves for detection of COVID-19 status (A) and the density distributions resulting from the bootstrapped models for AUROC (B). Acceptable AUROC are shown even in the external validation in addition to the high sensitivity and specificity of the models in the internal validation. Dashed gray lines represent the identity line where sensitivity equals (1-specificity). Colored solid vertical lines in (B) represent per-model mean AUROC and colored dashed vertical lines represent the per-model 95% confidence interval of the bootstrapped models for AUROC. AUROC, bootstrap area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic