Trends in survival during the pandemic in patients with critical COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation with or without ECMO: analysis of the Japanese national registry data

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses for predicting poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 receiving ECMO

Univariate analysis
Variable	HR	95% CI (Lower)	95% CI (Upper)	p-value
Age (cont.)	1.05	1.04	1.06	< 0.001
Age ≥ 59	2.31	1.89	2.83	< 0.001
Male gender	0.91	0.71	1.15	0.41
BMI (cont.)	0.99	0.97	1.01	0.20
BMI ≥ 27.7	0.75	0.61	0.91	0.003
Ventilator days before ECMO (cont.)	1.04	0.87	1.24	0.67
Ventilator days before ECMO ≥ 3	2.01	1.65	2.44	< 0.001
Inst. experience of ECMO (cont.)	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.003
Inst. experience of ECMO ≥ 11	0.69	0.57	0.83	< 0.001
P/F ratio at starting ECMO	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.77
PEEP at starting ECMO	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.59
COVID-19 outbreak (fifth vs others)	1.00	0.73	1.36	0.98
Multivariate analysis (Model 1)
Age (cont.)	1.04	1.03	1.05	< 0.001
BMI ≥ 27.7	1.06	0.87	1.30	0.56
Ventilator days before ECMO ≥ 3	1.82	1.50	2.21	< 0.001
Inst. experience of ECMO (cont.)	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.015
Multivariate analysis (Model 2)
Age ≥ 59	2.17	1.76	2.68	< 0.001
BMI ≥ 27.7	1.02	0.84	1.26	0.82
Ventilator days before ECMO ≥ 3	1.91	1.57	2.32	< 0.001
Inst. experience of ECMO ≥ 11	0.70	0.58	0.85	< 0.001

Bold indicates analyses with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)
HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; BMI body mass index; ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019; P/F partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspiratory oxygen; PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure; cont. continuous; Inst. institutional

ISSN: 1364-8535