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Table 3 Association between corticosteroid treatment use and outcomes in all study patients

From: Relationship between corticosteroid use and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective multicenter study

 

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysisb

Multiple imputation analysisc

Complete case-analysis

cHR (95%CI)

P Value

cHR (95%CI)

P Value

cHR (95%CI)

P Value

VAP

 Overall effect

 

0.13a

 

0.082a

 

0.056a

 At day 2

0.43 (0.15–1.17)

 

0.47 (0.17–1.31)

 

0.43 (0.14–1.24)

 

 At day 7

0.86 (0.58–1.28)

 

0.95 (0.63–1.42)

 

0.95 (0.63–1.44)

 

 At day 14

1.34 (0.92–1.94)

 

1.48 (1.01–2.16)

 

1.59 (1.05–2.38)

 

 At day 21

1.75 (0.99–3.08)

 

1.94 (1.09–3.46)

 

2.16 (1.16–4.02)

 

28-day mortality

2.01 (1.46–2.75)

 < 0.0001

1.67 (1.20–2.33)

0.002

1.47 (1.02–2.10)

0.034

MV duration

1.14 (0.89–1.45)

0.30

1.25 (1.01–1.54)

0.036

1.18 (0.88–1.56)

0.25

Length of ICU stay

0.71 (0.54–0.95)

0.017

1.00 (0.80–1.24)

0.99

0.77 (0.56–1.07)

0.12

  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, cHR cause-specific hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
  2. aP Value for the effect of corticosteroids assessed by including corticosteroids and time*corticosteroids terms into Cox’s regression model to account the violation of proportional hazard assumption
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, SAPS II, MacCabe classification, immunosuppression, recent hospitalization, recent antibiotics, shock, ARDS, cardiac arrest (cafter handling missing values by multiple imputation (m = 20)