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Table 1 Patient characteristics at ICU admission

From: Relationship between corticosteroid use and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective multicenter study

 

No corticosteroids (n = 354)

Corticosteroids (n = 191)

Age, years

64 (53–72)

65 (57–72)

Men

256 (72.3)

134 (70.2)

BMI (Kg/m)*

28.4 (25.4–33.0)

29.6 (26.9–34.3)

Severity scores

  

 SAPS II†

41 (32–54)

43 (33–60)

 SOFA Score‡

6 (3–8)

7 (3–9)

Comorbidity scores

 MacCabe classification

  Non-fatal

296/336 (88.1)

157/186 (85.3)

  Fatal < 5 years

36/336 (10.7)

25/186 (13.6)

  Fatal < 1 year

4/336 (1.2)

2/186 (1.1)

 Charlson comorbidity index§

3 (1–4)

3 (2–4)

Chronic diseases

 Diabetes mellitus

109/353 (30.9)

52/189 (27.5)

 Chronic renal failure

17/349 (4.9)

15/187 (8.0)

 Heart disease

70/351 (19.9)

30/187 (16.0)

 Chronic heart failure

13/350 (3.7)

8/186 (4.3)

 COPD

19/350 (5.4)

18/188 (9.6)

 Chronic respiratory failure

15/350 (4.3)

5/186 (2.7)

 Cirrhosis

4/350 (1.1)

4/187 (2.1)

 Immunosuppression

25/350 (7.1)

27/187 (14.4)

 Active smoking

17/350 (4.9)

11/188 (5.9)

 Alcohol abuse

23/349 (6.6)

10/187 (5.3)

Location before ICU admission

 Home

163/354 (46.0)

95/191 (49.7)

 Hospital ward

136/354 (38.4)

70/191 (36.6)

 Another ICU

55/354 (15.5)

26/191 (13.6)

Recent hospitalization (< 3 months)

24/354 (6.8)

18/189 (9.5)

Recent antibiotics (< 3 months)

45/354 (12.7)

26/190 (13.7)

Causes for ICU admission

 Shock

63/348 (18.1)

39/187 (20.9)

 Acute respiratory failure

327/354 (92.4)

172/190 (90.5)

 ARDS

244/352 (69.3)

125/188 (66.5)

 Neurological failure

14/344 (4.1)

12/182 (6.6)

 Cardiac arrest

2/343 (0.6)

1/182 (0.5)

 Acute renal failure

58/344(16.9)

37/182 (20.3)

  1. Values are as no./No.(%) or median (interquartile range). * 31 missing values (n = 10 in corticosteroid group); † 42 missing values (n  = 17 in corticosteroid group); ‡ 21 missing values (n = 8 in corticosteroid group); § 19 missing values (n =  8 in corticosteroid group)
  2. McCabe classification of comorbidities and likelihood of survival, likely to survive > 5 years, 1–5 years, < 1 year; Chronic kidney disease, KDOQI CKD classification stage 4 or 5 (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/mn); Chronic heart failure, NYHA class III or IV; Heart disease, ischemic heart disease or atrial fibrillation; Cirrhosis, Child–Pugh score B or C; Immunosuppression if hematological malignancy, allogeneic stem cell transplant, solid cancer, organ transplant, HIV or immunosuppressive drugs; More than one cause for ICU admission is possible
  3. ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment