Table 1 Patients' characteristics on admission, at HABSI time and outcome
Variable | All HABSI (n = 829) | COVID-19 patient (n = 252) | Non-COVID-19 patient (n = 577) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics on ICU admission: | ||||
Time from hospital admission to HABSI onset | 15 [8; 27] | 14 [9; 23] | 15 [8; 29] | 0.69 |
Time from ICU admission to HABSI | 9 [4; 17] | 10 [6; 16] | 8 [2; 17] | 0.017 |
Age, years | 65 [55; 74] | 66 [56; 74] | 65 [55; 74] | 0.30 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 291 (35.1) | 80 (31.7) | 211 (36.6) | 0.18 |
Male | 538 (64.9) | 172 (68.3) | 366 (63.4) | |
BMI1 | 26.8 [24.1; 30.4] | 27.8 [24.9; 31.7] | 26.3 [23.4; 29.4] | < 0.0001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Respiratory | 147 (17.7) | 33 (13.1) | 114 (19.8) | 0.021 |
Cardio-vascular | 191 (23) | 57 (22.6) | 134 (23.2) | 0.85 |
Neurological | 137 (16.5) | 27 (10.7) | 110 (19.1) | 0.0029 |
Metabolic disorders | 326 (39.3) | 107 (42.5) | 219 (38) | 0.22 |
Gastro-intestinal | 49 (5.9) | 13 (5.2) | 36 (6.2) | 0.54 |
Immunosuppression | 122 (14.7) | 15 (6) | 107 (18.5) | < 0.0001 |
Malignancy | 143 (17.2) | 19 (7.5) | 124 (21.5) | < 0.0001 |
Steroids for sepsis or septic shock2 | 204 (25) | 74 (29.7) | 130 (22.9) | 0.038 |
ICU admission origin | ||||
Emergency department | 277 (33.4) | 73 (29) | 204 (35.4) | < 0.0001 |
Hospital ward/floor | 327 (39.4) | 111 (44) | 216 (37.4) | |
Operating room/recovery | 67 (8.1) | 1 (0.4) | 66 (11.4) | |
Other hospital | 118 (14.2) | 47 (18.7) | 71 (12.3) | |
Other intermediate care unit | 26 (3.1) | 10 (4) | 16 (2.8) | |
Other | 14 (1.7) | 10 (4) | 4 (0.7) | |
Admission type | ||||
Medical | 693 (83.6) | 249 (98.8) | 444 (76.9) | < 0.0001 |
Surgical elective | 30 (3.6) | 2 (0.8) | 28 (4.9) | |
Surgical emergency | 106 (12.8) | 1 (0.4) | 105 (18.2) | |
SAPS II | 47 [37; 58] | 42 [33; 50] | 49 [38; 62] | < 0.0001 |
Glasgow coma scale3 | 14 [8; 15] | 15 [13; 15] | 12 [6; 15] | < 0.0001 |
Ventilation status | ||||
High-flow oxygen nasal cannula | 76 (9.2) | 35 (13.9) | 41 (7.1) | < 0.0001 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 510 (61.5) | 147 (58.3) | 363 (62.9) | |
Low-flow oxygen or no oxygen | 153 (18.5) | 32 (12.7) | 121 (21) | |
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation or CPAP | 90 (10.9) | 38 (15.1) | 52 (9) | |
Patient characteristics at HABSI diagnosis: | ||||
Adrenaline | 37 (4.5) | 13 (5.2) | 24 (4.2) | 0.52 |
Noradrenaline4 | 413 (49.9) | 127 (50.4) | 286 (49.7) | 0.84 |
SOFA | 8 [5; 11] | 8 [4; 11] | 8 [5; 12] | 0.13 |
Glasgow coma scale5 | 12 [7; 15] | 14 [8; 15] | 10 [6; 15] | < 0.0001 |
Ventilation status | ||||
High-flow oxygen nasal cannula | 42 (5.1) | 13 (5.2) | 29 (5) | 0.0003 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 617 (74.4) | 210 (83.3) | 407 (70.5) | |
Low-flow oxygen or no oxygen | 123 (14.8) | 23 (9.1) | 100 (17.3) | |
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation or CPAP | 47 (5.7) | 6 (2.4) | 41 (7.1) | |
Source control required but not achieved | 80 (9.7) | 20 (7.9) | 60 (10.4) | 0.27 |
Adequate empirical therapy within the first 24h6 | 343 (48.5) | 96 (48.2) | 247 (48.4) | 0.96 |
Corticosteroids for sepsis or septic shock | 204 (25%) | 74 (29.7) | 130 (22.9) | 0.038 |
Status at day 28 | ||||
Alive in the Hospital | 133 (16) | 25 (9.9) | 108 (18.7) | < 0.0001 |
Alive in the ICU | 206 (24.8) | 55 (21.8) | 151 (26.2) | |
Death in the Hospital | 16 (1.9) | 3 (1.2) | 13 (2.3) | |
Death in the ICU | 363 (43.8) | 145 (57.5) | 218 (37.8) | |
Discharged from the Hospital | 111 (13.4) | 24 (9.5) | 87 (15.1) | |
28-day mortality | 379 (45.7) | 148 (58.7) | 231 (40) | < 0.0001 |