Comparison of continuous versus intermittent enteral feeding in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heffernan, Aaron J.; Talekar, C.; Henain, M.; Purcell, L.; Palmer, M.; White, H.

doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04140-8

Critical Care

Table 1 Included study details

From: Comparison of continuous versus intermittent enteral feeding in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References	Patient population	Continuous patients	Intermittent patients	Bolus patients	Continuous dose	Intermittent dose	Bolus dose	Caloric estimate	% Continuous target goal	% Intermittent target goal	% Bolus target goal	APACHE II continuous	APACHE II intermittent	APACHE II bolus	Study type	PEDro score	NOS
Kocan and Hickisch [21]	Neurology/neurosurgical ICU	17	17	0	< 120 mL/h	< 370 mL/h 1 h infusion Q4H	NA	Wilmore nomogram	62.2	55.9	NA	ND	ND	NA	RCT	4	NA
Bonten et al. [22]	Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU	30	30	0	< 83.3 mL/h	< 111.1 mL/h 18 h infusion	NA	ND	ND	ND	ND	19 (13–23)^a	17 (13–22)^a	NA	RCT	6	NA
Chen et al. [23]	Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU	51	0	56	Q24H	NA	20 min infusion Q4H to Q6H	25 kcal/kg/day	ND	ND	ND	13^a	NA	14^a	RCT	6	NA
Evans et al. [24]	Neurology/ Neurosurgical ICU	24	0	26	Q24H	NA	ND	ND	ND	NA	ND	14.6 (4.26)	NA	14.0 (4.37)	RCT	7	NA
Maurya et al. [25]	Neurology/ Neurosurgical ICU	20	20	NA	Q24H	NA	Unspecified infusion rate Q3H	30 kcal/kg/day	ND	NA	ND	ND	NA	ND	RCT	7	NA
Gowardman et al. [26]	Mixed ICU	12	15	0	Q24H	18 h infusion	NA	30 kcal/kg/day	53	23	NA	20	15	NA	RCT	8	NA
MacLeod et al. [27]	Trauma ICU	81	79	0	Q24H	30–60 min infusion Q4H	NA	25 kcal/kg/day	58.3	60.2	NA	14 (10–17)^a	12 (9–16)^a	NA	RCT	8	NA
McNelly et al. [28]	Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU	59	0	62	Q24H	NA	5 min infusion Q6H	Penn-State equation or 25 kcal/kg/day	72.5	NA	82.4	20.2 (18.2–22.3)^a	NA	23.1 (19.9–26.2)^a	RCT	9	NA
Nasiri et al. [29]	Mixed ICU	30	0	30	18 h/day	NA	20 min infusion Q3H	Harris-Benedict equation	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	RCT	6	NA
Shahriari et al. [30]	Mixed ICU	25	0	25	Q24H	NA	20 min infusion Q6H	Harris-Benedict equation	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	RCT	6	NA
Serpa et al. [31]	Mixed ICU	14	14	0	Q24H	1 h infusion Q3H	NA	25 kcal/kg/day	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	RCT	7	NA
Spilker et al. [32]	Mechanically ventilated mixed ICU	13	13	0	Q24H	18 h infusion	NA	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	Case–Control	NA	6
Steevens et al. [33]	Mixed ICU	9	0	9	Q24H	NA	15 min infusion Q4H	25–30 kcal/kg/day	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	RCT	6	NA
de Araujo et al. [34]	Mixed ICU	23	18	0	Q24H	18 h infusion	NA	25–30 kcal/kg/day	ND	ND	ND	22.4 (6.05)	20.7 (4.95)	NA	RCT	7	NA

ICU intensive care unit, NA not applicable, ND not described, NOS Newcastle Ottawa Score, Q24H administered every 24 h, i.e. continuous, Q3H administered every 3 h, Q6H administered every 6 h, Q4H administered every 4 h, RCT randomised controlled trial
^aMedian and interquartile range

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