Discomfort improvement for critically ill patients using electronic relaxation devices: results of the cross-over randomized controlled trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation)

Table 2 Symptoms, Analgesia Nociception Index, and physiological variables recorded before and after each of the four relaxation sessions

	Type of relaxation techniques
	Standard		Music care^®		VR Deepsen^®		VR Healthy mind^®
Symptoms
NRS overall discomfort
Before	4	[2;6]	4	[2;6]	5	[2;6]	4	[2;6]
After	4	[2;5]	2.5	[1;5]	4	[1.5;5]	2	[0;5]
p	0.27		0.06		0.21		*0.02*
NRS pain
Before	2	[0;5]	2	[0;5]	3	[0;5]	2.5	[0;5]
After	2	[0;5]	1	[0;5]	2	[0;4]	1	[0;4]
p	0.7		0.45		0.3		0.12
NRS anxiety
Before	2.5	[0;5]	3	[0;5]	3	[0;5]	3	[0;5]
After	2	[0;4]	2	[0;5]	1	[0;4]	1.7	[0;4]
p	0.52		0.32		*0.03*		*0.05*
NRS thirst
Before	6	[1;9]	6	[1;8]	5	[1;8]	4	[0;7]
After	6	[0;8]	5	[1;8]	4	[0;8]	4	[0;6]
p	0.68		0.53		0.38		0.93
NRS Dyspnea
Before	1.5	[0;5]	2	[0;5.5]	2	[0;5]	2	[0;4]
After	1	[0;4]	1	[0;4]	2	[0;5]	0.5	[0;4]
p	0.89		0.13		0.44		0.5
NRS lack of rest
Before	4	[2;6]	5	[2;7]	5	[3;8]	5	[3;8]
After	4	[1;6]	4	[0;5]	2	[1;5]	3.5	[2;5]
p	0.49		*0.05*		*< 0.01*		*0.02*
ANI and physiological variables
ANI
Before	62	[48;85]	66	[56;82]	72	[53;80]	67	[51;80]
After	69	[51;82]	82	[65;93]	80	[70;98]	91	[70;98]
p	0.45		< *0.01*		*< 0.01*		*< 0.01*
Heart rate (/min)
Before	89	[81;102]	88	[80;102]	87	[78;99]	88	[77;100]
After	92	[79;102]	85	[81;101]	84	[74;98]	92	[80;97]
p	0.88		0.68		0.51		0.69
Respiratory rate (/min)
Before	21	[18;24]	20	[17;26]	20	[17;25]	21	[16;27]
After	22	[18;27]	19	[15;24]	21	[17;26]	20	[16;24]
p	0.74		0.34		0.81		0.14
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Before	134	[120;144]	128	[117;154]	136	[121;151]	134	[118;146]
After	133	[119;146]	127	[113;143]	137	[120;151]	131	[115;148]
p	0.99		0.51		0.86		0.82
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Before	72	[65;82]	71	[62;82]	70	[62;81]	73	[65;82]
After	72	[64;79]	66	[61;77]	75	[61;84]	71	[62;81]
p	0.52		0.18		0.38		0.65

The data correspond to a rating from 0 to 10 on a numerical rating scale, where 0 is the best and 10 the worst intensity, and are expressed in median [25th–75th percentiles]. The p value was calculated via Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data and via Student’s t test for parametric data
The Italic, bold values are for significant p values

ISSN: 1364-8535