From: Subphenotypes in acute kidney injury: a narrative review
Author | Time period | AKI definition | Data source | Data analysis method | n, patients | Clinical setting | Reported SCr trajectory | Definition of mortality/adverse renal outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||||||
Guitterezet al. [22] | NA | Rise in serum creatinine > 25% above baseline | Single US center | Random intercept and slope model | 98 | Cardiac catherization | Maximum creatinine within 5.5 days ± 5.1 days | NA |
Bhatraju et al. [7] | 2003–2005 | KDIGO SCr criteria | Single and multi- Center US | Spaghetti plots | 1,914 and 1,867 | ICU admissions | AKI during the first 72 h in the ICU | Death prior to hospital discharge |
Smith et al. [24] | 2009–2017 | KDIGO SCr criteria | (NHLBI) ARDS Network and Single US center | Dynamic time-warping, the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and qgglomerative hierarchical clustering | 6,816 | ICU admissions | AKI during the first 7 days in the ICU | Death prior to hospital discharge |
Andrew et al. [23] | 2000–2009 | KDIGO SCr criteria | Single US center | Latent class mixed modeling | 2,647 and 2,647 | Cardiac Surgery | AKI experienced within the preoperative and first four postoperative days | Death 3 years postoperatively |
B | ||||||||
Ozrazgat-Baslanti et al. [25] | 2012- 2019 | KDIGO SCr criteria | Single US center | Propensity score-based inverse weighting and Kaplan–Meier curves | 156, 699 | All hospitalizations | Classified (no AKI, rapidly reversed AKI, persistent AKI with and without renal recovery) | 1, 3- year mortality, need for new RRT, new CKD within 90 days or 1-year, CKD progression |
Siew et al. [26] | 2002–2014 | KDIGO stages 2 to 3 AKI | US Veterans | Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression | 47,903 | All hospitalizations | AKI recovery to within 120% of baseline SCr level within 90 days | Sustained 40% decline in eGFR from closest SCr |
Bhatraju et al. [27] | 2009–2015 | Modified KDIGO | Multi-center US ASSESS-AKI study | Cox proportional hazards regression | 1,538 | All hospitalizations | AKI resolving with 72 h of AKI diagnosis | Major adverse kidney events |