Table 1 Demographics and clinical features at ICU admission and during the ICU stay of patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation
From: Early steroids and ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19-related ARDS
Total N = 670 | Early CSa N = 369 | No early CSa N = 301 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 65.23 (10.8) | 66.7 ( 10.2) | 63.45 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Males, n (%) | 495 (73.9) | 272 (73.7) | 223 (74.1) | 0.91 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.7 (5.8) | 30.3 ( 6.0) | 28.9 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 370 (55.2) | 217 (58.8) | 153 (50.8) | 0.04 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 41 (6.24) | 16 ( 4.4) | 25 (8.5) | 0.03 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 209 (31.2) | 124 (33.6) | 85 (28.2) | 0.13 |
Mild-to-severe chronic renal failure, n (%) | 65 (9.7) | 43 (11.7) | 22 (7.3) | 0.06 |
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 130 (19.4) | 90 (24.4) | 40 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
Immunosuppression, n (%) | 107 (16.0) | 75 ( 20.3) | 32 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 3.77 (2.5) | 4.34 (2.5) | 3.08 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
Risk factors for carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria | ||||
Hospital length of stay ≥ 48 h within the past 3 months | 59 (8.9) | 43 (11.7) | 16 (5.4) | 0.0045 |
Antibiotics within the past 3 months | 80 (12.1) | 44 (12.0) | 36 (12.2) | 0.93 |
Admission characteristics | ||||
Time from symptom onset to hospital admission, days, mean (SD) | 8.31 (3.96) | 8.26 (4.15) | 8.36 (3.73) | 0.74 |
Documented bacterial coinfection | 60 (9.0) | 30 (8.1) | 30 (10.0) | 0.41 |
Respiratory support on ICU day 1 | < 0.001 | |||
Standard oxygen therapy | 317 (48.3) | 138 (37.7) | 179 (61.5) | |
High-flow oxygen therapy | 179 (27.3) | 151 (41.3) | 28 (9.6) | |
Noninvasive ventilation | 6 (0.9) | 4 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 155 (23.6) | 73 (20.0) | 82 (28.2) | |
Time from ICU admission to intubation, days, mean (SD) | 1.16 (2.4) | 1.6 (2.9) | 0.6 (1.4) | < 0.0001 |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min, mean (SD) | 26.9 (6.3) | 26.5 (6.4) | 27.5 (6.1) | 0.08 |
PaO2/FiO2, mean (SD) | 143.0 (67.0) | 133.1 (63.4) | 155.2 (69.4) | < 0.001 |
CRP, mg/L, mean (SD) | 174 (224) | 178 (288) | 170 (95) | 0.70 |
D-Dimers, µg/L, mean (SD) | 2420 (3496) | 2230 (3064) | 2860 (4325) | 0.22 |
Lymphocyte count, G/L, mean (SD) | 1.84 (12.32) | 1.96 (15.1) | 1.69 (7.21) | 0.78 |
SOFA score, mean (SD) | 5.15 (2.76) | 4.9 (2.9) | 5.5 (2.6) | 0.0059 |
SAPS II, mean (SD) | 38.4 (12.3) | 37.8 (12.2) | 39.1 (13.3) | 0.22 |
Treatments in the ICU | ||||
Days on invasive mechanical ventilation, mean (SD) | 21.4 (19.1) | 21.5 (20.5) | 21.4 (19.1) | 0.46 |
Neuromuscular blocking agents, n (%) | 613 (91.7) | 340 (92.1) | 273 (91.3) | 0.69 |
Prone positioning, n (%) | 478 (71.5) | 269 (72.9) | 209 (69.7) | 0.36 |
VV-ECMO, n (%) | 45 (6.7) | 23 (6.2) | 22 (7.3) | 0.58 |
Vasopressor use, n (%) | 491 (73.5) | 262 (71.2) | 229 (76.3) | 0.13 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 113 (16.9) | 56 (15.2) | 57 (19.0) | 0.19 |