Skip to main content

Table 1 Patient characteristics and general outcome

From: Long-term cognitive functioning is impaired in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive controlled neuropsychological study

 

ICU n = 72

WARD n = 49

HOME n = 44

CONTROL n = 48

p value

Age, years, median (IQR)

59 (49–65.3)

57 (49–62)

44.5 (34.3–52)

56 (49–63.3)

< 0.001

Sex, male, n (%)

44 (61.1)

18 (36.7)

12 (26.7)

25 (52.1)

0.002

Education

Years, mean (SD)

13.6 (2.7)

14.9 (2.7)

15.6 (2.1)

15.4 (2.9)

< 0.001

> 12 years, n (%)

44 (61)

38 (78)

38 (86)

39 (81)

0.009

Comorbidities

Hypertension, n (%)

39 (54.2)

14 (28.6)

8 (18.2)

11 (22.9)

< 0.001

Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%)

24 (33.3)

10 (20.4)

4 (9.1)

7 (14.6)

0.009

Heart disease, n (%)

12 (16.7)

3 (6.1)

4 (9.1)

1 (2.1)

0.05

Diabetes, n (%)

16 (22.2)

5 (10.2)

2 (4.5)

1 (2.1)

0.002

Malignancies, n (%)

5 (6.9)

2 (4.1)

2 (4.5)

1 (2.1)

NS

Asthma, n (%)

12 (16.7)

13 (26.5)

4 (9.1)

2 (4.2)

0.01

COPD, n (%)

0 (0)

3 (6.1)

0

0

0.03

Kidney disease, n (%)

3 (4.2)

0 (0)

0

0

NS

Liver disease, n (%)

0 (0)

2 (4.1)

1 (2.3)

0

NS

Psychiatric or neurological comorbidity, n (%)

5 (6.9)

4 (8.2)

1 (2.3)

5 (10.4)

NS

BMI kg/m2, median (IQR)

30.1 (26.9–34.3)a

28.6 (26.0–33.5)b

24.9 (23.5–27.6)c

–

< 0.001

CCI, median (IQR)

2 (0.5–3.0)

1 (1.0–3.0)

–

–

NS

Admission data

Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR)

20 (15–26)

8 (5–11)

–

–

< 0.001

Length of ICU stay, days, median (IQR)

11 (5.8–17.3)

–

–

–

 

Supplementary oxygen, days, median (IQR)

19 (14–23)

6 (1–9)

–

–

< 0.001

Outcome

     

mRSd at 4 months 0–1, n (%)

39 (54.9)

28 (63.6)

29 (69.0)

48 (100)

< 0.001

2, n (%)

29 (40.8)

15 (34.1)

13 (31.0)

–

3–4, n (%)

3 (4.2)

1 (2.3)

–

–

Employed prior, n (%)

45 (62.5)

34 (69.4)

34 (77.3)

37 (77.1)

NS

Full return to work at 4 months, n (%)

27 (60)

26 (76.5)

31 (91.2)

–

< 0.001

IQCODEe > 3, n (%)

28 (50.9)

13 (31.0)

10 (30.3)

6 (15.0)

0.003

IES-6f at 6 months, mean (SD)

0.97 (0.81)

0.99 (0.82)

0.88 (0.79)

0.52 (0.55)

0.011

PHQ-9f at 6 months, mean (SD)

4.7 (5.0)

5.1 (4.4)

5.2 (4.7)

2.1 (2.0)

0.001

  1. IQR Interquartile range, SD standard deviation, NS non-significant, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, mRS modified Rankin scale (measure of functional outcome), IQCODE Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, IES-6 Impact of Event Scale-6 (measure of post-traumatic stress), PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (measure of depression)
  2. aData available for 70 of 72 study subjects
  3. bData available for 38 of 49 study subjects
  4. cData available for 25 of 44 study subjects
  5. dData available for 205 of 213 study subjects
  6. eData available for 170 of 213 study subjects
  7. fData available for 186 of 213 study subjects
Back to article page

Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535