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Table 2 Cohort characteristics

From: Noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients aged ≥ 70 years—a prospective multicentre cohort study

Characteristics

Entire cohort (n = 3074)

NIV (n = 791)

Primary NIV (n = 630)

Post-extubation NIV (n = 157)

Age, mean (SD) [years]

75.7 (4.6)

76.4 (4.9)

76.8 (4.9)

74.9 (4.6)

Female gender

877 (28.5)

226 (28.6)

181 (28.7)

42 (26.8)

BMI [kg/m2]

27.7 (24.8, 31.0)

27.7 (24.7, 31.3)

27.7 (24.5, 31.3)

27.8 (25.7, 31.5)

Prior hospitalization length [days]

2.0 (1.0, 5.0)

2.0 (1.0, 4.0)

2.0 (1.0, 5.0)

2.0 (1.0, 4.0)

Symptoms before hospitalization [days]

7.0 (4.0, 10.0)

7.0 (3.0, 10.0)

6.0 (3.0, 9.0)

7.0 (4.0, 10.0)

Diabetes

1033 (33.7)

293 (37.1)

241 (38.4)

51 (32.5)

Ischemic heart disease

694 (22.9)

190 (24.4)

158 (25.5)

31 (19.7)

Chronic renal failure

495 (16.2)

155 (19.7)

134 (21.4)

20 (12.7)

Arterial hypertension

2028 (66.2)

528 (67.0)

418 (66.7)

106 (67.5)

Pulmonary disease

689 (22.5)

199 (25.3)

159 (25.4)

40 (25.5)

Congestive heart failure

455 (15.0)

129 (16.5)

104 (16.8)

25 (15.9)

Bacterial coinfection

651 (21.6)

201 (26.1)

161 (26.4)

40 (25.6)

SOFA score on admission

5.0 (3.0, 8.0)

4.0 (3.0, 7.0)

4.0 (3.0, 6.0)

6.0 (4.0, 8.0)

Frailty status

    

 Fit (CFS 1–3)

1912 (67.0)

459 (61.2)

356 (59.6)

102 (68.0)

 Vulnerable (CFS 4)

444 (15.6)

127 (16.9)

93 (15.6)

32 (21.3)

 Frail (CFS 5–9)

498 (17.4)

164 (21.9)

148 (24.8)

16 (10.7)

Day of NIV initiation

1.0 (1.0, 3.0)

1.0 (1.0, 3.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

12.0 (8.0, 19.0)

Duration of NIV [hours]

34.0 (10.0, 88.0)

34.0 (10.0, 88.0)

34.0 (10.0, 91.3)

33.5 (12.8, 72.0)

IMV

2219 (72.2)

490 (61.9)

330 (52.4)

157 (100.0)

Day of IMV initiation

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

2.0 (2.0, 5.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

Vasopressors

2165 (70.8)

497 (63.4)

352 (56.3)

142 (91.6)

Renal replacement therapy

488 (15.9)

120 (15.2)

94 (14.9)

25 (15.9)

Antibiotics

2767 (90.1)

713 (90.1)

557 (88.4)

153 (97.5)

Steroids

2058 (68.6)

565 (74.3)

467 (77.3)

96 (63.2)

LST limitation

1189 (39.1)

306 (39.0)

276 (44.1)

28 (18.1)

 Withholding

981 (32.3)

251 (32.1)

227 (36.3)

23 (14.8)

 Withdrawal

627 (20.6)

161 (20.5)

150 (24.0)

9 (5.8)

  1. BMI—body mass index, CFS—Clinical Frailty Scale, IMV—invasive mechanical ventilation, LST—life-sustaining therapy, NIV—noninvasive ventilation, SOFA—Sequential Organ Failure Assessment