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Table 4 Injury severity, outcome and predicted outcome with the IMPACT lab model

From: Clustering identifies endotypes of traumatic brain injury in an intensive care cohort: a CENTER-TBI study

 

All patients

A

B

C

D

E

F

Age

52 (33–67)

53 (36–67)

56.5 (42–69)

58 (48–74.5)

52 (29–67)

47.5 (32–62)

44 (29–62)

Male sex

1269 (73.4)

370 (74.4)

177 (67.6)

40 (83.3)

241 (70.3)

277 (76.9)

164 (75.2)

Decompressive Craniectomy

216 (12.5)

22 (4.4)

48 (18.3)

7 (14.6)

40 (11.7)

73 (20.3)

26 (11.9)

ISS

29 (25–41)

25 (16–34)

26 (25–38)

29.5 (25–41.5)

29 (25–41)

38 (25–52.5)

38 (25–50)

Head ISS

25 (16–25)

16 (9–16)

25 (16–25)

25 (16–25)

25 (16–25)

25 (25–25)

25 (16–25)

Highest extracranial ISS

9 (0–16)

4 (0–16)

4 (0–9)

9 (0–10.75)

9 (0–16)

9 (0–16)

9 (0.25–16)

Intubation

1334 (78.9)

218 (45.7)

224 (85.8)

39 (84.8)

314 (93.2)

347 (97.5)

192 (89.7)

ICP monitoring

757 (44.2)

76 (15.6)

153 (58.4)

19 (40.4)

177 (51.8)

225 (62.7)

107 (49.5)

Median daily TIL

2 (0–5.5)

0.5 (0–1.5)

3.5 (0.5–8)

2 (0–3.25)

3 (1–5)

4.5 (2–8.5)

3 (1–5.625)

GOS-E at 6 months

1

388 (22.5)

34 (6.8)

77 (29.4)

19 (39.6)

62 (18.1)

135 (37.5)

61 (28)

2 or 3

268 (15.5)

40 (8)

50 (19.1)

5 (10.4)

70 (20.4)

68 (18.9)

35 (16.1)

4

123 (7.1)

31 (6.2)

19 (7.3)

6 (12.5)

27 (7.9)

21 (5.8)

19 (8.7)

5

241 (13.9)

71 (14.3)

34 (13)

5 (10.4)

49 (14.3)

47 (13.1)

35 (16.1)

6

214 (12.4)

70 (14.1)

31 (11.8)

5 (10.4)

51 (14.9)

29 (8.1)

28 (12.8)

7

229 (13.3)

107 (21.5)

24 (9.2)

2 (4.2)

40 (11.7)

37 (10.3)

19 (8.7)

8

265 (15.3)

144 (29)

27 (10.3)

6 (12.5)

44 (12.8)

23 (6.4)

21 (9.6)

Mortality, %

22

7

29

40

18

38

28

Unfavourable outcome, %

45

21

56

63

46

62

53

IMPACT predicted mortality, mean (SD)

27

13 (8)

27 (18)

30 (23)

24 (16)

45 (18)

32 (22)

IMPACT predicted unfavourable outcome, mean (SD)

45

26 (15)

46 (24)

48 (27)

43 (22)

70 (18)

51 (26)

Difference between predicted and observed mortality, %

5

6

− 2

− 10

6

7

4

Difference between predicted and observed unfavourable outcome, %

0

5

− 10

− 15

− 3

8

− 2

  1. Data presented as median (IQR) or N (%) if not else is stated
  2. ISS injury severity score; ICP intracranial pressure; TIL therapy intensity level; GOS-E glasgow outcome scale extended; IMPACT international mission on prognosis and clinical trial design in TBI