Table 1 Patient characteristics among subphenotypes in the development cohort
From: Sepsis subphenotyping based on organ dysfunction trajectory
Characteristics | Total (N = 4,678) | DI (N = 1,174) | RI (N = 1,932) | DW (N = 960) | RW (N = 612) | P-value†|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 65.9 [53.7–77.9] | 67.25 [54.8–79.2] | 65.3 [53.3–77.2] | 66.9 [53.9–78.3] | 64.5 [52.5–76.7] | 0.204 |
Sex, No. (%) | ||||||
 Male | 2625 (56.1) | 594 (50.6) | 1100 (56.9) | 548 (57.1) | 383 (62.6) | 0.081 |
 Female | 2053 (43.9) | 580 (49.4) | 832 (43.1) | 412 (42.9) | 229 (37.4) |  |
Race, No. (%) | 0.207 | |||||
 White | 3367 (71.9) | 870 (74.1) | 1398 (72.4) | 670 (69.8) | 429 (70.1) |  |
 Black | 424 (9.1) | 92 (7.8) | 189 (9.8) | 101(10.5) | 42 (6.9) |  |
 Other | 887 (18.9) | 212 (18.1) | 345 (17.9) | 189 (19.7) | 141(23.0) |  |
 Elixhauser index, median (IQR) | 4.0 [0.0–9.0] | 4.0 [0.0–9.0] | 4.0 [0.0–9.0] | 4.0 [0.0–9.0] | 5.0 [0.0–10.0] | 0.015 |
 Length stay, median (IQR) | 2.8 [1.6–5.6] | 2.9 [1.8–6.2] | 2.4 [1.5–4.8] | 2.9 [1.7–5.3] | 2.9 [1.6–6.7] |  < 0.001 |
 Mechanical ventilation at admission, No. (%) | 1893 (40.5) | 499 (42.5) | 733 (37.9) | 377 (39.3) | 284 (46.4) |  < 0.001 |
 Baseline SOFA, mean (SD) | 4.96 (2.8) | 4.0 (2.4) | 5.5 (2.9) | 5.2 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.8) |  < 0.001 |
ICU unit at admission, No. (%) | 0.037 | |||||
 SICU | 771 (16.5) | 185 (15.8) | 341 (17.7) | 135 (14.1) | 110 (17.9) |  |
 CCU | 443 (9.5) | 117 (9.9) | 167 (8.6) | 94 (9.8) | 65 (10.6) |  |
 TSICU | 593 (12.7) | 173 (14.7) | 226 (11.7) | 119 (12.4) | 75 (12.3) |  |
 MICU | 2611 (55.8) | 634 (54.0) | 1087 (56.3) | 569 (59.3) | 321 (52.5) |  |
 CSRU | 260 (5.6) | 65 (5.5) | 111 (5.8) | 43 (4.5) | 41 (6.7) |  |
Admission location, No. (%) | 0.196 | |||||
 Transfer from other hospital | 810 (17.3) | 213 (18.1) | 304 (15.7) | 165 (17.2) | 128 (20.9) |  |
 Emergency room | 1497 (32.0) | 355 (30.2) | 628 (32.5) | 328 (34.2) | 186 (30.4) |  |
 Clinic referral | 1985 (42.4) | 493 (41.9) | 847 (43.8) | 396 (41.3) | 249 (40.7) |  |
 Transfer from ward | 4 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Physician referral | 367 (7.9) | 106 (9.0) | 145 (7.5) | 69 (7.2) | 47 (7.7) |  |
 Transfer from skilled nursing facility | 15 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) | 7 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) |  |
Infection item, No. (%) | ||||||
 Central nervous system | 56 (1.2) | 10 (0.9) | 27 (1.4) | 8 (0.8) | 11 (1.8) | 0.189 |
 Intra-abdominal | 880 (18.8) | 230 (19.6) | 363 (18.8) | 172 (17.9) | 115 (18.8) | 0.808 |
 Pneumonia | 1257 (26.9) | 328 (27.9) | 494 (25.6) | 262 (27.3) | 173 (28.3) | 0.385 |
 Septicemia bacteremia | 1587 (33.9) | 359 (30.6) | 717 (37.1) | 300 (31.3) | 211 (34.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Skin soft tissue | 276 (5.9) | 60 (5.1) | 140 (7.3) | 42 (4.4) | 34 (5.6) | 0.008 |
 Urinary tract | 1044 (22.3) | 276 (23.5) | 439 (22.7) | 228 (23.8) | 101 (16.5) | 0.003 |
 Septic shock, No. (%) | 635 (13.6) | 148 (12.6) | 299 (15.5) | 101 (10.5) | 87 (14.2) | 0.002 |