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Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics at intensive care unit admission

From: Dynamics of disease characteristics and clinical management of critically ill COVID-19 patients over the time course of the pandemic: an analysis of the prospective, international, multicentre RISC-19-ICU registry

 

Total population

March 2020–September 2020

October 2020–January 2021

February 2021–September 2021

n = 4041

n = 1700

n = 1543

n = 798

Age, years

61 ± 14

62 ± 13

64 ± 14

57 ± 15

Male sex

2753 (70)

1155 (73)

1099 (71)

499 (63)

Body mass index, kg/m2

29 ± 6

29 ± 6

29 ± 6

30 ± 6

Time from symptoms to hospital admission, days

9 ± 12

8 ± 7

10 ± 14

10 ± 14

Time from hospital admission to ICU admission, days

3 ± 13

3 ± 9

3 ± 11

3 ± 21

Comorbidities

    

 Chronic arterial hypertension

1642 (41)

684 (40)

707 (46)

251 (32)

 Ischemic heart disease

404 (10)

165 (10)

174 (11)

65 (8)

 Chronic heart failure

427 (11)

127 (8)

231 (15)

69 (9)

 Diabetes mellitus

989 (25)

366 (22)

435 (28)

188 (24)

 Chronic pulmonary disease

414 (10)

191 (11)

169 (11)

54 (7)

 Immunosuppression

517 (13)

174 (10)

253 (16)

90 (11)

SOFA Score

8 ± 5

8 ± 5

8 ± 5

6 ± 5

SAPS II Score

36 ± 19

38 ± 19

36 ± 18

32 ± 17

APACHE II Score

16 ± 8

17 ± 9

17 ± 7

14 ± 7

Respiratory support

    

 Oxygen mask

1333 (33)

663 (39)

671 (43)

428 (46)

 High-flow oxygen therapy

464 (13)

101 (7)

220 (16)

143 (23)

 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

372 (11)

166 (11)

137 (10)

69 (11)

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

1501 (42)

770 (51)

515 (37)

216 (34)

PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg

147 ± 115

151 ± 99

148 ± 118

137 ± 144

Ventilatory ratio

2.0 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 0.8

1.9 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 0.9

Vasopressor requirements

681 (17)

272 (16)

285 (18)

124 (16)

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

85 ± 18

83 ± 15

85 ± 17

90 ± 23

Norepinephrine dose, μg/kg/min

0.1 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.2

0.1 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1

White blood cell counts, 109/L

11 ± 6

10 ± 6

11 ± 7

11 ± 6

Neutrophils, 109/L

9 ± 5

8 ± 5

9 ± 5

9 ± 5

Lymphocytes, 109/L

2 ± 3

2 ± 3

2 ± 4

2 ± 3

C-reactive protein, mg/L

143 [78–223]

149 [84–239]

139 [74–219]

134 [73–207]

Procalcitonin, μg/L

0.3 [0.1–0.9]

0.3 [0.2, 1.0]

0.3 [0.1, 0.9]

0.2 [0.1, 0.7]

Interleukin-6, ng/L

91 [32–205]

104 [48–221]

75 [26–211]

83 [29–158]

D-dimers, μg/L

1090 [500–2700]

1169 [600–2805]

1164 [550–2945]

740 [300–1700]

Troponin, ng/L

17 [9–50]

17 [9–46]

22 [10–64]

12 [6–40]

Lactate, mmol/L

1.4 [1.0–2.0]

1.3 [0.9–1.9]

1.4 [1.0–1.9]

1.5 [1.0–2.2]

  1. APACHE II—Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU—intensive care unit; PaO2/FiO2 ratio—partial pressure of arterial O2/fraction of inspired O2; SOFA—Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS II—Simplified Acute Physiology Score
  2. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range] or counts (percentages) as appropriated. These are aggregated descriptive data, as opposed to the results of hierarchical, generalized linear mixed-effect modelling as reported in the main results and abstract
  3. Immunosuppression was defined as any of the following: solid organ malignancy, hematologic malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C infection, prescribed immunosuppressive medication