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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients with treatment failure and treatment success

From: Lung ultrasound response to awake prone positioning predicts the need for intubation in patients with COVID-19 induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: an observational study

Variable

Treatment failure (n = 20)

Treatment success (n = 51)

p

Age—years

46 (40–53)

40 (35–45)

0.01

Female sex—no. (%)

7 (35)

21 (41)

0.63

Body mass index—kg/m2

30.9 (28.7–32.6)

30.4 (29.2–32.3)

0.81

Days from COVID confirmation

4.0 (2.5–6.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.07

Comorbidities—no. (%)

   

 Pulmonary disease

3 (15)

1 (2)

0.06

 Chronic kidney disease

3 (15)

2 (4)

0.10

 Diabetes

3 (15)

3 (6)

0.21

 Hypertension

4 (20)

3 (6)

0.07

 Cardiovascular disease

0

5 (10)

0.31

Time from HFNC to APP initiation—hours

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

6.2 (5.0–7.8)

0.27

Before the first APP session

   

 Heart rate—beats/min

91 (82–99)

97 (87–105)

0.29

 Respiratory rate—breaths/min

20 (18–23)

20 (18–22)

0.81

 Mean arterial pressure—mmHg

85 (76–89)

82 (76–87)

0.30

 SpO2%

93 (91–96)

94 (92–97)

0.31

 HFNC flow settings—L/min*

40 (40–40)

40 (40–40)

0.51

 FIO2

1.0 (0.8–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–0.9)

0.28

 SpO2:FIO2

107 (101–121)

92 (92–118)

0.09

 ROX index

5.2 (4.3–6.2)

5.5 (4.7–6.6)

0.50

 LUS score

20 (18–24)

20 (19–23)

0.74

Management

   

 Mean daily APP duration at first 3 days—hr/day

9.8 (8.9–12.1)

11.7 (8.7–16.5)

0.18

 Dexamethasone—no. (%)

20 (100)

51 (100)

1.0

 IL-6 modulators—no. (%)

4 (20)

6 (12)

0.45

Outcomes

   

 ICU length of stay—days

13 (9–16)

7 (6–9)

0.02

 Hospital length of stay—days

19 (13–24)

11 (9–12)

 < 0.001

 Mortality—no. (%)

8 (40)

0

 < 0.001

  1. Medians with interquartile ranges are in parentheses. APP awake prone positioning; HFNC high-flow nasal cannula; SpO2 saturation of pulse oximetry; FIO2 fraction of inspired oxygen; ROX SpO2:FIO2/respiratory rate
  2. Body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters
  3. *HFNC was provided using Precision Flow Hi-VNI™ (Vapotherm, Exeter, NH) with maximum flow of 40 L/min