Early sedation depth status | |||
---|---|---|---|
 | Light sedation (n = 108) | Deep sedation (n = 283) | p |
Sedative drug | Â | Â | Â |
Propofol | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 85 (78.7) | 222 (78.4) | 0.96 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 1526 (600–4914) | 4047 (1507–8109) |  < 0.01 |
Midazolam | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 35 (32.4) | 115 (40.6) | 0.14 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 12.0 (3.0–54.0) | 19.0 (5.0–152.0) | 0.09 |
Dexmedetomidine | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 50 (46.3) | 93 (32.9) | 0.01 |
 Cumulative dose (mcg/kg) | 4.6 (2.0–9.5) | 7.0 (2.1–17.8) | 0.08 |
Lorazepam | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 11 (10.2) | 27 (9.5) | 0.85 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 3.0 (1.0–12.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.32 |
Ketamine | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 10 (9.3) | 38 (13.4) | 0.26 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 87.5 (50.0–250.0) | 675.0 (187.5–2050.0) |  < 0.01 |
Haloperidol | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 9 (8.3) | 13 (4.6) | 0.15 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 5.0 (5.0–10.0) | 5.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.95 |
Quetiapine | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 4 (3.7) | 12 (4.2) | 0.81 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 37.5 (25.0–237.5) | 200.0 (31.3–287.5) | 0.91 |
Gabapentin | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 11 (10.2) | 11 (3.9) | 0.02 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 600.0 (300.0–2100.0) | 1200 (300–2100) | 0.33 |
Analgesic drug | |||
Fentanyl | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 92 (85.2) | 240 (84.8) | 0.93 |
 Cumulative dose (mcg) | 3175 (1206–6330) | 3950 (1600–6950) | 0.09 |
Hydromorphone | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 12 (11.1) | 49 (17.3) | 0.13 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 2.5 (1.0–17.8) | 9.0 (3.0–69.0) | 0.04 |
Oxycodone | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 18 (16.7) | 28 (9.9) | 0.06 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 17.5 (10.0–32.5) | 20.0 (10.0–40.0) | 0.96 |
Morphine | Â | Â | Â |
 n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 7 (2.5) | 0.33 |
 Cumulative dose (mg) | 2.0 (NA) | 6.5 (2.0–12.8) | 0.57 |
Neuromuscular blocker, n (%) | 4 (2.1) | 84 (41.4) |  < 0.01 |
RASS level ICU day 1 |  − 1 (− 2 to − 0) |  − 3 (− 4 to − 2) |  < 0.01 |
SAS level ICU day 1 | 4 (4–4) | 3 (2–4) |  < 0.01 |
RASS level ICU day 2 |  − 1 (− 2 to 0) |  − 3 (− 5 to − 2) |  < 0.01 |
SAS level ICU day 2 | 4 (4–4) | 3 (3–4) |  < 0.01 |
RASS level ICU days 3–7 |  − 1 (− 2 to 0) |  − 3 (− 4 to − 1) |  < 0.01 |
SAS level ICU days 3–7 | 4 (4–4) | 3 (3–4) |  < 0.01 |
Deep sedation ICU days 3–7, n (%)* | 14 (18.4) | 128 (53.8) |  < 0.01 |
Deep sedation until death, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 94 (33.2) |  < 0.01 |