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Table 1 Characteristics of septic shock cases and enrolled hospitals and intensive care units

From: Association of annual hospital septic shock case volume and hospital mortality

 

Septic shock case volume quartile

p valuea

 

First quartile, 1–13 cases per year

Second quartile, 14–32 cases per year

Third quartile, 33–75 cases per year

Fourth quartile, > 75 cases per year

 

Hospitals and ICUs

     

Number of hospitals, n

475

468

478

481

 

Geographic location, n (%)

    

0.763

 East

193 (40)

179 (38)

191 (39)

204 (42)

 

 Middle

102 (21)

118 (25)

104 (21)

114 (23)

 

 West

158 (33)

150 (32)

162 (33)

136 (28)

 

 Northeast

22 (4)

21 (4)

21 (4)

27 (5)

 

Type of hospitals, n (%)

    

0.001

 Public

432 (91)

430 (92)

440 (92)

466 (97)

 

 Private

43 (9)

38 (8)

38 (8)

15 (3)

 

Level of hospitals, n (%)

    

< 0.0001

 Tertiary

139 (29)

226 (48)

277 (57)

388 (80)

 

 Secondary

331 (69)

238 (50)

199 (41)

91 (18)

 

Healthcare facility volume, n

     

 Hospital volume per year

18,616 ± 16,069

26,460 ± 27,795

34,297 ± 28,557

60,618 ± 55,195

< 0.0001

 ICU volume per year

414 ± 1509

597 ± 2337

641 ± 586

1463 ± 2119

< 0.0001

 Hospital bed days/1000 patients

153 ± 102

224 ± 211

331 ± 1036

522 ± 1144

< 0.001

 ICU bed days/1000 patients

3 ± 13

3 ± 4

6 ± 33

11 ± 37

< 0.0001

Guideline compliance, %

     

 3-h Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle

73 ± 32

79 ± 25

78 ± 25

78 ± 24

0.004

 6-h Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle

71 ± 33

77 ± 27

77 ± 27

76 ± 24

0.002

Microbiology specimen collection before antibiotic therapy, %

68 ± 34

75 ± 27

77 ± 29

80 ± 24

< 0.001

Protocolized Infection control, n (%)

     

 Infection management

434 (91)

448 (96)

466 (97)

467 (97)

< 0.001

 Infection training

433 (91)

433 (93)

459 (96)

467 (97)

< 0.001

 Infection monitor

435 (92)

439 (94)

466 (97)

472 (98)

< 0.001

 Infection contingency plan

443 (93)

445 (95)

467 (98)

471 (98)

< 0.001

 Infection performance

318 (67)

325 (70)

363 (76)

350 (73)

0.015

ICU mortality rate, %

11 ± 10

12 ± 10

12 ± 10

12 ± 9

0.530

Septic shock cases

     

Female, %

45 ± 20

40 ± 11

40 ± 10

41 ± 9

< 0.0001

Age group, %

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

 

 Less than 18 years old

3 ± 15

2 ± 10

3 ± 13

2 ± 8

0.263

 18–30 years old

3 ± 13

2 ± 4

3 ± 4

3 ± 4

0.027

 31–40 years old

4 ± 11

4 ± 6

5 ± 6

6 ± 5

< 0.0001

 41–50 years old

8 ± 14

9 ± 9

10 ± 8

10 ± 6

< 0.0001

 51–60 years old

15 ± 18

16 ± 11

17 ± 10

17 ± 8

0.070

 61–70 years old

25 ± 22

25 ± 13

25 ± 11

23 ± 9

0.062

 71–80 years old

26 ± 23

24 ± 13

23 ± 12

23 ± 11

0.016

 More than 80 years old

18 ± 22

18 ± 15

16 ± 14

15 ± 11

0.026

Site of infection, %

     

 Bloodstream

16 ± 26

17 ± 21

16 ± 20

15 ± 15

0.850

 Catheter related bloodstream

4 ± 12

5 ± 10

3 ± 7

3 ± 5

0.043

 Lung

44 ± 31

42 ± 22

41 ± 23

41 ± 22

0.294

 Abdomen

18 ± 22

17 ± 14

18 ± 14

16 ± 11

0.113

 Urinary tract

14 ± 20

12 ± 11

13 ± 11

12 ± 9

0.378

 Central nervous system

2 ± 9

2 ± 4

2 ± 3

3 ± 4

0.043

 Biliary tract

7 ± 14

7 ± 7

7 ± 6

7 ± 6

0.720

 Gastrointestinal tract

5 ± 11

6 ± 8

7 ± 9

6 ± 7

0.018

 Bone

0 ± 5

0 ± 1

0 ± 1

0 ± 0

0.205

 Skin and soft tissue

3 ± 11

3 ± 5

3 ± 4

3 ± 3

0.196

 Others

2 ± 10

2 ± 6

2 ± 4

3 ± 6

0.177

Proportion of APACHE II score ≥ 15, %

57 ± 27

61 ± 24

65 ± 23

62 ± 24

< 0.0001

Hospital mortality of septic shock cases, %

24 ± 26

24 ± 20

20 ± 17

18 ± 15

< 0.0001

  1. Data presented as mean ± SD, n (%). p value represents comparisons between all quartiles
  2. Hospital bed days/1000 patients, days of hospital bed occupancy per 1000 patients
  3. ICU bed days/1000 patients, days of ICU bed occupancy per 1000 patients
  4. APACHE Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, ICU intensive care unit
  5. aComparisons between groups were made using the ANOVA test for continuous variables and the Chi-Squared test for categorical variables