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Table 2 Optimal thresholds (determined by Youden’s index) with prognostic metrics

From: Intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism: echocardiography predictors of clinical deterioration

Variable

Optimal threshold

p value

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

AUC

OR

LV ejection fraction (%)

59

0.3

0.23 (0.16, 0.31)

0.86

(0.81, 0.9)

0.47

(0.34, 0.59)

0.68

(0.62, 0.73)

0.52 (0.45, 0.58)

1.83

(1.03, 3.25)

LV basal width (cm)

4.4

0.01

0.56 (0.47, 0.65)

0.68

(0.62, 0.74)

0.48 (0.40 0.57)

0.74

(0.68, 0.8)

0.61 (0.54, 0.67)

2.67

(1.68, 4.26)

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (cm)

1.98

0.00

0.57 (0.47, 0.66)

0.71

(0.66, 0.78)

0.52 (0.43, 0.6)

0.76

(0.7, 0.81)

0.66 (0.59, 0.72)

3.35

(2.06, 5.30)

Right ventricle

mid-width (cm)

3.5

 < 0.01

0.64 (0.56, 0.73)

0.6 (0.53, 0.66)

0.46 (0.38, 0.54)

0.76

(0.69, 0.82)

0.64 (0.58, 0.7)

2.68

(1.68, 4.28)

RV/LV basal

width ratio

1.08

 < 0.01

0.64 (0.56, 0.73)

0.6 (0.55, 0.66)

0.49 (0.41, 0.57)

0.78 (0.71, 0.84)

0.66 (0.59, 0.72)

3.32

(2.07, 5.33)

Initial BNP level (pg/mL)

190

 < 0.01

0.59 (0.50, 0.68)

0.67

(0.60, 0.73)

0.49 (0.40, 0.57)

0.75

(0.69, 0.82)

0.66 (0.60, 0.72)

2.89

(1.81, 4.62)

RV free wall systolic excursion velocity S', cm/s

10.10

0.01

0.72 (0.64, 0.8)

0.52 (0.46, 0.59)

0.45 (0.37, 0.52)

0.78

(0.71, 0.85)

0.61 (0.55, 0.68)

2.85

(1.75, 4.63)

TAPSE/RVSP ratio cm/mmHg

0.05

 < 0.01

0.79 (0.72, 0.87)

0.48 (0.41, 0.55)

0.45 (0.38, 0.52)

0.81

(0.74, 0.88)

0.65 (0.59, 0.71)

3.52

(2.09, 5.94)

Right ventricle basal width (cm)

3.9

 < 0.01

0.83 (0.76, 0.9)

0.38 (0.31, 0.44)

0.41 (0.35, 0.48)

0.8

(0.72, 0.88)

0.61 (0.55, 0.68)

2.85

(1.64, 4.97)

Tricuspid regurg peak velocity, m/s

2.50

0.94

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)

0.1 (0.06, 0.14)

0.36 (0.31, 0.41)

0.79 (0.63, 0.94)

0.55 (0.49, 0.61)

2.06 (0.81, 5.24)

RV/major length (cm)

5.20

0.83

1 (1, 1)

0.09 (0.05, 0.13)

0.37 (0.32, 0.42)

1 (1, 1)

0.51 (0.45, 0.57)

0.83

  1. Abbreviations: PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, AUC area under the curve, OR odds ratio, RV right ventricle, LV left ventricle, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RSVP right ventricle systolic pressure