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Table 2 Requirements for ideal sorbent material and optimal cartridge design

From: Hemoperfusion: technical aspects and state of the art

Sorbent material

High selectivity/affinity to enable sharp separation

High capacity to minimize the amount of sorbent needed

Favorable kinetic and transport properties for rapid sorption

Chemical and thermal stability; low solubility when contacting fluid

Hardness and mechanical strength to prevent crushing and erosion

Free flowing tendency for easy filling and emptying of the packed beads

High resistance to fouling for long life and low solute interference

No tendency to promote undesirable chemical reactions or side effects

Relatively low cost

Sorbent cartridge

Adequate design in terms of length and diameter

Adequate internal volume to avoid excessive blood priming volume

Avoidance of dead space zones where easy clotting may occur

Adequate packing density of the sorbent particles

Low resistance to blood flow of the packed bed

Adequate retention screens at the ports to avoid sorbent particles dissemination

Mass transfer zone shorter than unit length