Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients included at Day 5

Number of patients

476

112

364

Age

66 [54; 76]

66.5 [53; 77]

66 [54; 76]

0.89

Gender (male)

297 (62.4)

67 (59.8)

230 (63.2)

0.52

BMI

26.5 [23.5; 30.7]

26.6 [23.9; 32.6]

26.4 [23.4; 30.4]

0.61

HbA1C (%)

5.7% [5.4–6.1]

5.9 [5.5; 6.3]

5.7 [5.3; 6.1]

< 0.01

HbA1C > 6.5%

77 (16.2)

24 (21.4)

53 (14.6)

0.08

Charlson score

2 [1; 3]

2 [1; 4]

2 [0; 3]

0.19

Medical motif of admission

371 (77.9)

90 (80.4)

281 (77.2)

0.36

SAPS II

50 [37.5; 64]

48.5 [36; 62.5]

50 [38; 64]

0.53

McCabe = Ultimately fatal

34 (7.1)

8 (7.1)

26 (7.1)

0.44

McCabe = Rapidly fatal

147 (30.9)

40 (35.7)

107 (29.4)

McCabe = Non-fatal

295 (62)

64 (57.1)

231 (63.5)

Delay before CPG start (hours)

23.8 [15.4; 47.7]

25 [15.9; 54.6]

23 [15.4; 46.9]

0.62

At Day 5

Glycemic control at Day 5 (yes/no)

462 (97.1)

110 (98.2)

352 (96.7)

0.41

Cumulative insulin intake at day 5 (units)

65.1 [12.1; 152]

0 [0; 6.7]

97 [46.4; 183.6]

< 0.01

Calorie intakes (Kcal/kg/24H00)

15.3 [3.1; 20.8]

4.7 [1.4; 16.8]

16.9 [6.6; 21.4]

< 0.01

Insulin per calorie intakes (units/kcal) (× 1000)

23.9 [1.2; 48.9]

0 [0; 0]

33.9 [18.2; 62.5]

< 0.01

PRI (yes/no)

364 (76.5)

364 (100)

No PRI

112 (23.5)

112 (100)

0 (0)

< 0.01

PRI and glycemic control

352 (73.9)

0 (0)

352 (96.7)

PRI and no glycemic control

12 (2.5)

0 (0)

12 (3.3)

Hypoglycemia (< 72 mmol/l)

48 (10.1)

2 (1.8)

46 (12.6)

 < 0.01

Severe hypoglycemia (< 40 mmol/l)

0

Organ support in ICU

Mechanical ventilation (yes/no)

376 (79)

79 (70.5)

297 (81.6)

0.01

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (yes/no)

292 (61.3)

57 (50.9)

235 (64.6)

< 0.01

Renal replacement therapy (yes/no)

115 (24.2)

25 (22.3)

90 (24.7)

0.60

Vasopressors (yes/no)

298 (62.6)

53 (47.3)

245 (67.3)

< 0.01

Number of days under mechanical ventilation

6 [2; 13]

3 [0; 9]

7 [3; 14]

< 0.01

Number of days under vasopressors

2 [0; 4]

0 [0; 2]

2 [0; 5]

< 0.01

ICU length of stay

10 [7; 17]

7 [5; 12]

11 [7; 18.5]

< 0.01

Death at day 90

110 (23.1)

18 (16.1)

92 (25.3)

0.04