Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Age, years

80

(69–87)

80

(69–87)

80

(69–87)

Male

264,308

(56.8)

131,049

(56.6)

133,259

(56.9)

Witnessed arrest

190,268

(40.9)

95,078

(41.1)

95,190

(40.6)

Rural area^†

111,327

(23.9)

55,709

(24.1)

55,618

(23.7)

Bystander CPR

233,204

(50.1)

114,357

(49.4)

118,847

(50.7)

AED use by bystander before EMS arrival at the site

7197

(1.5)

3551

(1.5)

3646

(1.6)

Initial shockable rhythm

28,970

(6.2)

14,823

(6.4)

14,147

(6.0)

Presumed cardiac cause

291,638

(62.6)

143,509

(62.0)

148,129

(63.2)

Use of advanced airway management

183,267

(39.4)

90,272

(39.0)

92,995

(39.7)

Epinephrine administration

103,539

(22.2)

45,468

(19.7)

58,071

(24.8)

Prehospital AED administration by EMS personnel

43,399

(9.3)

21,829

(9.4)

21,570

(9.2)

EMS response time, min

9

(7–11)

9

(7–11)

9

(7–11)

Prehospital EMS-initiated CPR duration, min

22

(17–28)

22

(17–28)

22

(17–28)

Prehospital ROSC

47,220

(10.1)

22,527

(9.7)

24,693

(10.5)

1-month survival

28,574

(6.1)

13,934

(6.0)

14,640

(6.3)

1-month CPC 1–2

17,027

(3.7)

8270

(3.6)

8757

(3.7)