Variables | Total (N = 1644) |
---|---|
Age, years | 60 [49–68] |
Sex | |
 Female | 254 (15.5) |
 Male | 1390 (84.6) |
Comorbidities | 1135 (72.6) |
 Heart disease | 420 (25.5) |
Location of cardiac arrest | |
 Home | 654 (39.9) |
 Public place | 290 (17.7) |
 Street | 232 (14.2) |
 Ambulanceb | 183 (11.2) |
 Workplace | 179 (10.9) |
 Others | 101 (6.2) |
Initial cardiac rhythm at the scene | |
 Shockable rhythm | 1130 (69.4) |
 Pulseless electrical activity | 368 (22.6) |
 Asystole | 130 (8.0) |
Witnessed cardiac arrest | 1289 (78.7) |
Bystander CPR | 945 (58.2) |
Prehospital intervention | |
 Defibrillation | 1057 (64.9) |
 Epinephrine administration | 559 (34.5) |
Airway management | |
 No device (bag-mask ventilation) | 834 (53.6) |
 Advanced airway (supraglottic airway) | 556 (35.7) |
 Advanced airway (endotracheal tube) | 166 (10.7) |
ROSC before hospital arrival | 151 (9.3) |
Initial cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival | |
 Shockable rhythm | 809 (49.4) |
 Pulseless electrical activity | 498 (30.4) |
 Asystole | 332 (20.3) |
Cardiac rhythm at ECMO initiation | |
 Shockable rhythm | 854 (52.4) |
 Pulseless electrical activity | 521 (32.0) |
 Asystole | 254 (15.6) |
Time course, minutes | |
 Time from call ambulance to arrivalc | 32 [26–39] |
 Time from arrival to ECMOd | 22 [15–32] |
 Time from call ambulance to ECMOe | 56 [47–68] |
 Estimated low flow timef | 55 [45–66] |
ROSC after hospital arrival | 1294 (79.0) |
 Before ECMO pump on | 228 (17.6) |
 After ECMO pump on | 1064 (82.4) |
Emergency coronary angiography | 1282 (78.0) |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 755 (47.5) |
Intra-aortic balloon pumping | 1060 (64.6) |
Cause of cardiac arrest | |
 Acute coronary syndrome | 970 (59.0) |
 Arrhythmia | 232 (14.1) |
 Myocarditis | 19 (1.2) |
 Myopathy | 96 (5.8) |
 Other cardiac causes | 103 (6.3) |
 Other non-cardiac causes | 47 (2.9) |
 Pulmonary embolism | 59 (3.6) |
 Unknown | 117 (7.1) |
Cause of death at hospital | |
 Cardiac arrest as primary cause | 1048 (92.0) |
 Complications | 66 (5.8) |
 Comorbidities | 6 (0.5) |
 Others | 19 (1.7) |