Table 1 Patient characteristics and outcomes based on subtypes at ICU discharge
All patients (N = 467) | Subtype A (N = 244) | Subtype B (N = 223) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years† | 64 (53–75) | 60 (49–70) | 69 (58–78) | < 0.001 |
Male gender | 293 (62.7%) | 141 (57.7%) | 152 (68.1%) | 0.028 |
BMI, kg/m2† | 27 (23–31) | 26 (22–29) | 28 (24–32) | 0.001 |
Comorbidities† | ||||
Charlson age–comorbidity index | 3 (2–5) | 3 (1–4) | 4 (3–6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 98 (20.9%) | 34 (13.9%) | 64 (28.6%) | < 0.001 |
Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 35 (7.4%) | 10 (4.1%) | 25 (11.2%) | 0.004 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 40 (8.5%) | 16 (6.5%) | 24 (10.7%) | 0.10 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 220 (47.1%) | 95 (38.9%) | 125 (56.0%) | 0.005 |
Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 53 (11.3%) | 6 (2.4%) | 47 (21.0%) | < 0.001 |
COPD, n (%) | 50 (10.7%) | 31 (12.7%) | 19 (8.5%) | 0.14 |
Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 31 (6.6%) | 14 (5.7%) | 17 (7.6%) | 0.89 |
Active cancer, n (%) | 69 (14.7%) | 37 (15.1%) | 32 (14.3%) | 0.99 |
Organ dysfunction | ||||
Septic shock (Sepsis-3), n (%) † | 127 (27.1%) | 57 (23.3%) | 70 (31.3%) | 0.04 |
SAPS II† | 51 (38–61) | 48 (36–59) | 53 (41–65) | < 0.001 |
SOFA at inclusion | 8 (5–10) | 6 (4–9) | 9 (6–11) | < 0.001 |
SOFA at ICU discharge | 1 (0–5) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–5) | 0.22 |
ICU stay and organ support | ||||
Duration of ICU stay, days | 13 (8–22) | 14 (9–22) | 12 (8–22) | 0.26 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)† | 426 (91.2%) | 231 (94.6%) | 195 (87.4%) | 0.41 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 7 (4–14) | 7 (4–14) | 10 (5–16) | 0.27 |
Vasopressors use, n (%)† | 403 (86.2%) | 202 (82.7%) | 201 (90.1%) | 0.003 |
RRT during ICU stay, n (%) | 109 (23.3%) | 25 (10.2%) | 84 (37.6%) | < 0.001 |
Primary outcome | ||||
One-year mortality, n (%) | 115 (24.6%) | 39 (16.0%) | 76 (34.1%) | < 0.001 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Duration of hospitalization after ICU discharge, days | 11 (4–24) | 11 (4–27) | 12 (2–22) | 0.68 |
Rehospitalization at 3 months, n (%)§ | 113 (36.5%) | 54 (32.1%) | 59 (41.5%) | 0.086 |
SF-36 PCS at 3 months‖ | 40 (24–54) | 41 (23–58) | 36 (22–51) | 0.43 |
SF-36 MCS at 3 months‖ | 45 (33–67) | 45 (32–67) | 44 (31–65) | 0.80 |
Mortality at 3 months, n (%)‡ | 78 (16.7%) | 21 (8.6%) | 57 (25.7%) | < 0.001 |
Rehospitalization at 6 months, n (%)¶ | 131 (47.0%) | 61 (40.1%) | 70 (55.1%) | 0.012 |
SF-36 PCS at 6 months$ | 44 (29–66) | 47 (34–69) | 37 (25–62) | 0.009 |
SF-36 MCS at 6 months$ | 50 (27–77) | 50 (21–74) | 62 (31–91) | 0.52 |
Mortality at 6 months, n (%) | 92 (19.7%) | 30 (12.3%) | 62 (27.9%) | < 0.001 |
Rehospitalization at 12 months, | ||||
n (%)ǀ | 160 (50.3%) | 87 (48.6%) | 73 (52.5%) | 0.48 |
SF-36 PCS at 12 months• | 50 (31–74) | 60 (37–81) | 47 (23–63) | 0.34 |
SF-36 MCS at 12 months• | 58 (39–76) | 43 (16–90) | 28 (4–50) | 0.22 |