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Table 1 PICUs, responders, and protocol characteristics according to yearly admission volume

From: Pain and sedation management and monitoring in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey

Characteristics

Total PICUs

n = 215

PICUs ≤ 450 admissions/year

n = 117

PICUs > 450 admissions/year

n = 98

p value

Type of PICU

 Pediatric ICU

158 (74)

77 (66)

81 (83)

0.003

 Mixed neonatal and pediatric ICU

48 (22)

27 (31)

17 (17)

 Mixed adult and pediatric ICU

9 (4)

9 (8)

0 (0)

PICU in a teaching/academic hospital

196 (91)

111 (95)

85 (87)

0.036

PICU admitting post-cardiac surgery

69 (32)

27 (23)

42 (43)

0.002

PICU providing palliative care/terminal sedation

182 (85)

101 (87)

81 (83)

0.457

PICUs dimensions

 Maximum bed capacity, min–max

9 (7–16), 2–35

8 (6–10), 2–27

14 (9–18), 6–35

–

 Number of admissions per year, min–max

450 (260–700), 30–2050

300 (200–400), 30–450

700 (560–980), 460–2050

–

Responders’ role, na

 Physician specialized in pediatrics

139 (65)

81 (69)

58 (59)

0.316

 Physician specialized in anesthesiology

62 (29)

32 (27)

30 (31)

 

 Physician specialized in general and cardiac critical ICU

44 (21)

19 (16)

25 (26)

 

 Nurse

20 (9)

18 (7)

12 (12)

 

 Physician specialized in Surgery

4 (2)

0 (0)

4 (4)

 

Presence of internal protocol for analgesia and sedation

152 (71)

90 (77)

62 (63)

0.028

Use of a nurse driven protocol for analgesia and sedation (n = 152)

57 (38)

29 (25)

28 (29)

0.531

Nurse role in the protocol (n = 57 | 29 | 28)

 Choice of the drug dosage

48 (84)

24 (83)

24 (86)

0.785

 Choice of the time of drug weaning

45 (79)

23 (79)

22 (79)

 Choice of the mode of drug weaning

26 (46)

14 (48)

12 (43)

 Choice of the type of drug for analgesia and sedation

22 (39)

14 (48)

8 (29)

  1. Data are reported as numbers and (percentages) or median and interquartile ranges according to their distribution
  2. ICU intensive care unit, PICU pediatric ICU
  3. aThe sum of percentages is more than 100% because responders could indicate more than one option