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Table 3 Patient-centered outcomes and adverse events for all enrolled patients

From: Actively implementing an evidence-based feeding guideline for critically ill patients (NEED): a multicenter, cluster-randomized, controlled trial

Outcome measure

Feeding guideline

48 ICUs, 1399 pts

Control

49 ICU, 1373 pts

Difference (95% CI)

P value

ICC or design effect

Feeding guideline

Control

All-cause mortality at day 28, No (%)

188 (14.2%)

205 (15.2%)

− 1.59% [− 4.34%, 1.15%]

0.42

0.11

0.05

ICU-free days within 28 days, d

9.1 ± 8.9

8.7 ± 8.8

0.48 [− 1.02, 1.98]

0.53

0.13

0.14

Incidence of new infections in ICU, No (%)

97 (6.9%)

92 (6.7%)

0.13% [− 1.87%, 2.13%]

0.93

0.21

0.26

Adverse events, no./total no. of events

6

11

 

0.47

  

Gastrointestinal events

4

3

 

0.66

  

Others*

2

8

 

0.32

  

Serious adverse events#, no./total no. of patients

1

3

 

0.38

  
  1. ICU denotes intensive care unit; CI denotes confidence interval; ICC denotes intraclass correlation coefficient
  2. *Others include tachypnea, unplanned urinary catheter removal, aspiration, transient confusion, subcutaneous abscess, decreased muscle strength, mild abdominal bleeding
  3. #The serious adverse events were cardiogenic shock in the protocol group and cardiac arrest(one patient), and extremity ischemia(two patients)