Fig. 1

reproduced with permission from the European Resuscitation Council [5]). ABCDE airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECG electrocardiogram, EMS emergency medical system, PEA pulseless electrical activity, PaCO2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, SpO2 arterial oxygen saturation, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia