Vasopressor Choice and Timing in Vasodilatory Shock

Table 2 Potential biomarkers for vasopressor therapy

Biomarker	Pathologic variant/threshold of harm	Vasopressor	Clinical association
Genetic polymorphisms
ADRβ2	SNP rs1042717	Norepinephrine, epinephrine	↑organ dysfunction, ↑norepinephrine requirement, ↑septic shock mortality [38]
AGTRAP	SNP rs11121816	Angiotensin II	↓vascular tone, ↑septic shock ↑ortality [39]
LNPEP	SNP rs4869317	Vasopressin and analogues	↑vasopressin clearance, ↑septic shock mortality [40]
Circulating peptides
Angiopoeitin-2	> 5807 pg/ml	Vasopressin and analogues	↑organ failure, ↑septic shock mortality [41]
Renin	> 40 pg/ml	Angiotensin II	↓hemodynamic response, ↑shock mortality [42, 43]
Vasopressin	Variable	Vasopressin	Mixed outcomes, variable hemodynamic response [44, 45]

ADRβ2 beta2-adrenergic receptor gene, AGTRAP angiotensin II receptor type 1 associated protein gene, LNPEP leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase gene